The Betrayal of Anne Frank: A Cold Case Investigation

Shapiro, Eda, 282–83, 355n6

Sicherheitsdienst (German Security Service; SD): addresses of hiders provided to, 274, 276, 279, 283, 284; Ahlers and, 123–27, 338n2; Allied raid on Euterpestraat headquarters of, 56n; anonymous note, author of, 251–54; archival files of, 107–8; cold case investigation’s insights into, 297; collaborators with, 15, 111; defined and described, 322–23; Euterpestraat as nickname for, 317; first investigation of raid (1947–1948) and, 165; Goudstikker art collection and, 260, 261, 265; illegal goods/documents, discovery of hiders by chance while looking for, 99, 183–85; Jansen and, 113, 115, 116; Jewish Council and, 225, 226, 230; Kleiman’s neighbor employed by, 170; Kremer theory and, 144, 145; nanny theory and, 142; neighborhood theory and Residents Project, 130–32; phone call betraying hiders and, 3, 18, 119, 144, 150, 171, 185–89, 196–97, 206, 277; raid on Prinsengracht 263 (August 4, 1944) by, 3–8, 67–73, 135–36, 152–53; Utrecht couple arrested by, 104; van den Bergh’s access to, 278; van Dijk and, 157, 158, 160, 161; van Hoeve and, 213, 215; van Maaren and, 203, 204, 206; van Twisk family and, 16; Nelly Voskuijl and, 171, 180; Gerrit Wolfswinkel and, 200, 201. See also specific members and departments Sicherheitspolizei (SiPo), 323

Sicherstellung, 49

Siemans, W. J., 60, 146

Signalementenblad, 126, 130, 323

Silberbauer, Karl Josef, 191–97; Austrian origins of, 8, 72, 191; deliberate confusion over surname, 191–93, 281; first investigation of raid (1947–1948), not called to testify in, 166; Otto Frank and, 28, 191–92, 194–95, 206, 281–83; Miep Gies and, 8, 72, 74, 281; interviews with, 196–97; Kempin and, 150; Kugler’s differing memories of raid and, 181–83; on phone call triggering raid, 186, 187, 277, 281; postwar life and career, 193–94; raid on Prinsengracht 263 by, 3–8, 67, 68–73, 152–53; SD detectives working with, on raid, 152–53, 165; Suijk and, 206; warehouse employee identified as maker of phone call by, 196–97, 202–4; Wiesenthal’s search for, 190–96, 202, 281–83; “Wo sind die Juden?” (Where are the Jews?) question during raid, 182–85

Simais, Leo, 17–18, 301

Simon Wiesenthal Center, Austria, 100

Simons, Branca, 157, 160, 162, 272

Sinti, 128, 295

Sky Capital, 18–19

Sleegers, Martin, 65

Smit, Hans, 18

Sobibor, 323

Social Services Authority, 38, 58

Soep, A., 350n3

Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 19

Somme, Battle of the (WWI), 29

Spain, Dutch Jews seeking refuge in, 47, 160, 263–64, 270

Special Justice Act (Besluit Buitengewone Rechtspleging), 87, 316

Sperres, 45, 220–23, 226, 230–32, 263, 264, 266, 323

Der Spiegel, 194

Spier, Eduard, 266–67, 271, 354n1

Spinoza, Baruch, 16

Spronz, Otto, and wife, 287

SS (Schutzstaffel), 3, 6, 30, 33, 45, 57, 61, 68, 79, 99, 115, 118, 119, 125, 150, 160, 171, 186, 194, 197, 209–11, 234, 239, 261, 263, 277, 322

Staatsbedrijf der Posterijen, Telegrafie en Telefonie (PTT), 185, 323

Stadsarchief Amsterdam, 21

Stam, Dineke, 176, 344n26

Stanfield, Milly, 40, 80, 330n10

Stark, Willy, 268–69

Statements Project, 102, 198, 247, 323

Steen, Jan, 258

Stevens, George, 242, 289

Stodel, Miep, 155

Stodel, Solomon, and family, 158–59

Straus, Nathan, Jr., 46

“stumbling stones,” in Amsterdam, 294–95

Suijk, Cor, 195, 199, 206

Süskind, Walter, 291

Switzerland: Otto Frank moving to, 91–92, 93, 286; refusal to accept Jewish refugees or immigrants by, 39

Taconis, Ynze, 192

De Telegraaf, 125

ten Broek, A. A., 262

Teunissen, Jansje, and parents (pseudonym), 137–42

Theresienstadt, 7, 83, 291, 323–24

Tietje, Hans, 230–31, 264, 277, 350n3

Today Show (NBC TV show), 132, 137

typescript/handwriting analysis of anonymous note, 240–45

typewriter used by Otto Frank, 242–44

typhus, death of Anne Frank from, 84

UK National Archives, Kew, 100

UNESCO Memory of the World Programme, 217

United States: Franks applying for emigration to, 39, 40, 46–47; Freedom of Information Act, 100; Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM), 225, 324; Office of Strategic Services, 13

Utrecht Children’s Committee (Utrechts Kindercomité), 34, 324

Utrecht couple, arrest of, 104–5

V-M?nnen and V-Frauen, 15, 104, 125, 131, 132, 150–51, 153, 213, 215, 216, 235, 269, 272, 297, 324. See also van Dijk, Ans, and other specific V-people by name Valerius Clinic, Amsterdam, 253

van Amerongen-Frankfoorder, Rachel, 336n10

van Bruggen, Geert, 215

van de Stroom, Gerrold, 98–99

van den Bergh, Anne-Marie (daughter), 228, 230, 232, 236, 255–58, 350n3

van den Bergh, Arnold, 228–36; anonymous note sent to Otto Frank, implicated in, 224–25, 229, 275–76; author of anonymous note’s knowledge of, 251, 252; Bolle on, 225–27; Calmeyer status of, 232–36, 263, 269–70; death of, 247–48, 271, 280, 283; deportation avoided by, 225, 227, 232, 233, 263; Goudstikker art collection and, 229, 258, 260–65; in hiding, 264, 270; hiding of children by, 235–36; investigated by Otto Frank, 248–49; on Jewish Council, 219, 224, 227, 229–30; lists of hiders’ addresses, access to, 266–70, 277; Moesbergen and, 153, 235; motivations for betrayal, 259, 264–65, 277–78, 283–85; as notary, 153, 219, 227–32, 262; opportunity for betrayal, 278; resignation from Jewish Council, 232; Schepers, conflict with, 231–32, 250; Sperres obtained by, 230–32, 263, 264; Tietje and, 230–31, 350n3; tried in Jewish Honor Courts, 270, 280; van Hasselt and, 246, 247, 248; viability of case against, 275–85

van den Bergh, Auguste (née Kan; wife), 228, 230, 232, 255, 256, 258–59, 263

van den Bergh, Emma (daughter), 228, 230, 232, 255, 256, 350n3

van den Bergh, Esther (daughter), 228, 230, 232, 255, 256, 350n3

van den Bergh granddaughter (Esther Kizio; pseudonym), 255–59, 261

van der Brink, Duifje, 292

van der Horst, Kuno, 58–59

van der Houwen, Fleur, 251

van der Meer, Bram, 103, 111

van der Stroom, Gerrold, 352n3

van Dijk, Anna “Ans” (Alphonsia Maria “Annie” de Jong), 101, 104–5, 144, 145, 150, 154, 155–63, 213, 215, 272–73

van Erp, Johannes Petrus, 166, 167

van Hasselt, Jakob V., 245–48, 266, 281, 354n1

van Helden, Arend Jacobus, 182, 183, 203, 224, 225, 237–40, 244–45, 248, 249, 250, 254, 282

van Helden, Els, 238

van Helden, Maarten, 238–41

van Hoeve, Hendrik, 65, 146, 208–18, 274

van Hoeve, Stef, 217–18

van Kampen, Jacobus (Uncle Nick), 139, 140–41

van Kampen-Lafeber, Berdina (Tante Kanjer), 137–42

van Kooten, Jan, 23–24, 25, 28, 101

van Leeuwen, Carina, 103, 240

van Liempt, Ad, 88, 108

van Maaren, Martinus, 204–5

van Maaren, Willem: cold case investigation of, 169, 187, 204–5; first investigation of raid (1947–1948) and, 98, 165–69; hidden Jews at Prinsengracht 263 and, 64–66, 68–69, 167–68; phone call triggering raid, ability to make, 187; raid on Prinsengracht 263 and, 68–69, 167–68; second investigation of raid (1963–1964) and, 99, 169, 202–4; Silberbauer’s testimony and, 194, 197, 202–4; views of Otto Frank and helpers regarding, 207, 280, 282

Van Parreren family, 188–89

van Pels, Auguste, 4, 15, 54, 66, 70, 78, 82, 83, 285

van Pels, Hermann, 4, 15, 54, 61, 65, 66, 70, 78, 82, 146, 167, 285

van Pels, Peter, 4, 5–6, 10, 15, 54, 64–65, 66, 68, 70, 78, 82–83, 285

van Tijn-Cohn, Gertrud, 349n3

van Twisk, Pieter: archival files, searches of, 100, 224; assembly of Cold Case Team, 17–18; on Jewish Council, 267, 268; Kaper researched by, 187–89; Kremer theory and, 143–47; Vince Pankoke, first meeting with, 97; on plausible theories of betrayal, 278; population under enemy occupation, understanding response of, 32; recruitment to cold case investigation, xii, 15–17; stakeholders in Anne Frank story and, 23, 26–28, 101; on van den Bergh, 234; on Weiszes, 211, 216–17

van Wijk, Joop, 51, 99, 171–73, 175, 178–80, 197, 200, 273–74, 344n23, 344n36. See also Voskuijl, Bep (mother) Vellinga, Rinsophie, 109

Volksstimme, 194

von Schirach, Henriette and Baldur, 264

Voskuijl, Annie (sister), 172

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