Bergen-Belsen, 8, 20, 83, 191, 221, 226, 227, 290–91, 316
betrayal of Anne Frank: elimination of plausible theories, 272–75; first investigation of raid (1947–1948), 98–99, 164–69, 202, 279; Otto Frank’s knowledge of betrayer’s identity, 200, 207, 270–71, 273, 274, 278–83; Miep Gies’s knowledge of betrayer’s identity, 185, 198–201, 205–7, 274, 278, 279–80, 282–83; helpers’ possible association with, 170–80; illegal goods/documents, discovery of hiders by chance while looking for, 99, 183–85; Jews, Otto Frank’s claim of betrayal by, 270–71, 274; neighborhood theory, 129–36; number of Jews in Netherlands betrayed while in hiding, 4n, 32, 133; phone call leading to raid, 3, 18, 119, 144, 150, 171, 185–89, 196–97, 206, 277; prior information about bookcase and Annex, 69–70; raid on Prinsengracht 263 (August 4, 1944), 3–8, 67–73, 135–36, 152–53; repercussions of discovering betrayer, 112; second investigation of raid (1963–1964), 98–99, 202–4, 224, 239–40, 282; viability of remaining scenario, 275–85. See also anonymous note sent to Otto Frank; cold case investigation; specific suspects black market, 52, 60, 64, 161, 203, 205, 214, 239
blackmail, 121–28, 152
blackout curtains, 247
Blair, Jon, 288
Blonk, Hendrik, 152
Bolle, Leo, 226
Bolle, M. H., 220
Bolle, Mirjam, 225–27
Bookcase (cold case investigation information system), 110–12
bookcase covering entrance to Annex, 11, 39, 55, 65, 69, 70, 182–83
Braams, Miep, 162
Bremer, Eric, 116
Brilleslijper, Rebekka “Lin” and Marianne “Janny,” 75–76, 82
Broek, Gertjan, 70n, 99, 183
Buchenwald, 45
Bureau of Jewish Affairs (Bureau Joodse Zaken; BJA), 3, 119, 149, 152, 165, 213, 235
Bureau of National Security (Bureau Nationale Veiliheid; BNV), 123, 126, 165, 166, 316, 338n2
Café Alcazar, Amsterdam, 42–43
Cahn, Werner, 91
Calmeyer, Hans Georg, 42, 221, 222
Calmeyer status, 221–22, 232–36, 233 (table), 263, 269–70
Canadian Library and Archives, 100
Capon, Corneils M., 262n
Carlton Hotel, Amsterdam, 56n
Cauvern, Abraham “Ab,” 165, 249, 279
cell espionage, 160
Central Archives of Extraordinary Justice (Centraal Archief van de Bijzondere Rechtspleging; CABR), 87–88, 100, 110, 114, 117, 119, 123–25, 139–41, 148, 150, 152–54, 157, 161, 164, 177, 178, 214, 234, 272, 316–17
Chagall, Marc, 25
chestnut tree behind Annex, 134, 139
children’s nursery, Amsterdam, 291
Christianity, Jews converted to, 201, 220
Christians and Jews, mixed marriages between, 157, 220, 232
Cimex, 52
Cobiella, Kelly, 132
Cohen, David, 219, 223, 227, 228, 229, 267–68
cold case investigation, 14–22, 97–105; archival files, searching, 99–101, 106–9; Bookcase (cold case investigation information system), 110–12; conclusion and aftermath of, 283–84; FOT (feet on the table) sessions, 18; funding for, 17; historical research and cold case methodology, combining, 98; investigative techniques, 99–104; “knowledge, motive, and opportunity” axiom, 118; length of, 105; location and description of office of, 14–15; media interest in, 132, 137; multiple scenarios, simultaneous work on, 224; Pankoke on, 297–98; plenary research sessions, 111; population under enemy occupation, understanding response of, xii, xiii, 13, 32–34; previous investigations, 98–99, 164–69; reasons for pursuing, xi–xv, 13; team of investigators, 15–22, 299–301; theories developed and pursued by, 104–5; timeline of raid on Prinsengracht 263, 68–72; visitors to, 112. See also specific suspects Cold Cases and Missing Persons Department, National Police Force, 17
Cold Mist: The Dutch Notaries and the Heritage of the War (Schütz), 231
collaborators, 86, 87–89, 111–12, 150, 170–71, 176–78, 188, 267–68
La Colombe d’Or (hotel, south of France), 25
Committee for Jewish Refugees (Comité voor Joodsche Vluchtelingen; CJV), 124, 226, 228, 317
Communist Party, Amsterdam, 33–34, 43, 45
Concertgebouw, Jewish musicians purged from, 43–44
Contact Committee, Westerbork, 266–67, 277, 355n3
Cool, Frederick, 151
Criminal Investigation Department (Rijksrecherche), 99, 100, 192, 195, 239–40, 282
crowdsourcing, use of, 103–4
Cuban visa, Otto Frank’s application for, 47
Cut, The, 199
Dachau, 30, 117, 317
“daisy chain” arrests, 209
Dalí, Salvador, 31
D-Day, 5
de Bruin, Circe, 21, 178
de Bruyn, Jeroen, 99, 171, 175, 197, 344n26
De Gaulle, Charles, 8
de Groot, Israel, 160–61
de Groot, Louis, 160–61
de Groot, Meijer, 160, 161
de Groot, Rachel, 160, 161
de Groot, Sophia, 161
de Jong, Annie. See van Dijk, Anna “Ans”
de Jong, Leopold, 151, 213–16, 267
de Jong, Loe, 247–48
de Kok, Johannes, 203
de Leeuw, Elisa Greta (Beppie), 150
de Regt, Johanna Maria “Mies,” 158, 161, 162, 272
de Vries, Clara, 43
de Vries-Harschel, Eva, 155
de Winter, Rosa “Rootje,” 76–77, 80
Dear Cara: Letters from Otto Frank (Wilson-Granat), 242
Decree no. 6/1941, 42
Decree on Hostile Property, 86
Dekker (collaborator), 132
Dekker, Eduard Douwes, xiv
Demnig, Gunter, 294–95
den Boef, Cornelis, 65
den Ouden, Joop, 149
Depue, Roger, 98
Dettman, Julius, 3, 68, 119, 150, 165, 171, 186, 187, 193, 197, 252, 277
diary of Anne Frank, 9–13; accusations of making money off of, 27, 93–94; authenticity of, 94, 190–91, 241, 280–81; on break-ins at Prinsengracht 263, 11, 65; on chestnut tree behind Annex, 134, 139; copyright and royalties from, 286–87; Critical Edition, 174–75; Definitive Edition, 174; discovered after raid, by Miep Gies and Bep Voskuijl, 74–75; on illness of Johannes Voskuijl, 64; “Kitty” in, 10, 11; as means of passing time in hiding, 5; “M.K.” passages referring to Nelly Voskuijl in, 174–76; NIOD, physical ownership of diaries by, 287; ownership of different versions, 25; publication of (1947), 91, 280; raid on Prinsengracht 263 and fate of, 6–7, 70; significance of, 290; three versions of, 24; on van Hoeve arrest, 209; on visibility from windows, 133
Diary of Anne Frank, The (play and film), 12, 190–91, 217, 242, 289
Dik, J., Sr., 262
Dolle Dinsdag (Mad Tuesday; Sept. 5, 1944), 215, 317
doorgangshuis, xiv
D?ring, Kurt, 125
Dubbelman, Jan Erik, 206
Dutch Children’s Committee, 294
Dutch Foundation for Literature, xi
Dutch Jews: anti-Semitism against, 17, 36, 42–44; “daisy chain” arrests of, 209; deportations of, 44–45, 49–50, 53, 220; fate of, in WWII, 4n, 17, 27, 32, 47, 85, 133, 148–49; postwar treatment of, 85–87; razzias (roundups) of, 33–34, 57, 59, 252, 291–92, 322; registration of, after German occupation, 42, 148–49; registration of businesses owned by, 49, 325; returning to Netherlands after WWII, 85–87, 293–94; statuses, types, and exemptions, 220–23; as V-people, 150–51, 155–57, 213–15. See also Jewish Council Dutch Theater (Hollandsche Schouwburg), Amsterdam, 114, 269, 290–91, 318
E. F. Dodge Paper Box Company, 46
Eckmann, Hans, 267n
Economic Inspection Agency (Wirtschaftsprüfstelle), 49, 325
Eichmann, Adolf, 148, 193, 294
Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ER), 111, 317
Elhoek (upholstery shop), 132
Elias, Buddy and Stephen, 25n, 122
Elias, Erich, 31, 36
Elias, Leni (Helene) Frank, 25n, 29, 31, 37, 93
Elias, Piet, 252
Endt, Friso, 270
Esther (Jewish employee of Otto Frank), 57–58
European General Data Protection Regulation, 100
Euterpestraat. See Sicherheitsdienst
exchange Jews, 83, 220–21
executions: of collaborators and Jew hunters, 87–88, 153–54, 162, 216; by Nazis, 3, 44, 45, 79, 145, 156
Expositur, 226, 266, 291, 317
eyewitness accounts, accuracy of, 181
face, loss/retention of, 80
Fagel, Wil, 241
FBI, 18, 19, 98, 101, 128, 240
Februaristaking (February Strike), 33–34, 45, 293, 317
female identity of maker of phone call leading to raid, 206, 347n6
Filius, Nienke, 153
fingerprint analysis, 240
first investigation of raid (1947–1948), 98–99, 164–69, 202, 279