hiding: abuse of children in, 256–57; access to lists of addresses of those in, 266–70; non-Jewish Dutch citizens in, 133; separation of families for purposes of, 246, 256
hiding in Prinsengracht 263, 51–55; bookcase covering entrance to Annex, 11, 39, 55, 65, 69, 70, 182–83; break-ins at warehouse, 11, 64–66; catalyst for, 9–10; chestnut tree behind Annex and, 134, 139; coping with prolonged state of, 4, 56–64; death of Edith Frank’s mother before, 53; decision to go into hiding, 50, 51–52; detectability of back Annex and secret entrance, 22, 48, 129, 133–36; escape subterfuge, 53–54; food, obtaining, 60–61, 64, 71, 139, 140, 144–47; Miep Gies and Bep Voskuijl staying overnight with Anne, 61–62; helpers supporting, 15, 37–39, 54, 56–62; illness of Johannes Voskuijl, 63–64; number of Jews hiding in Netherlands, 4n, 32; as onderduiken (diving under), 4; persons aware of, 54–55; persons hiding with Franks, 4, 15, 54; persons suspecting, 65–66; radio, access to, 5–6; raid on (August 4, 1944), 3–8, 67–73, 135–36, 152–53; sleeping arrangements, 54; transportation of Frank furniture to, 52–53
Himmler, Heinrich, 33, 157, 322
Hitler, Adolf: annexation of Austria, 39; attempted assassination of, 5; bankrolled by German industrialists, 19; on bombing of Rotterdam, 41; election of, 30–31, 36; G?ring, waning influence of, 263; head on van Hoeve’s Victoria! poster, 208; Hoffmann and, 261; Mein Kampf, 30; Seyss-Inquart appointed Reich Commissioner by, 33; SS and, 322; US Office of Strategic Services report on strategy of, 13
Hitler Youth, 264
Hitler’s Bounty Hunters (van Liempt), 88, 108
Hoffmann, Heinrich, 261
Holl?nder, Julius, 40, 46
Holl?nder, Rosa, 40, 46, 53
Holl?nder, Walter, 40, 46
Holocaust. See betrayal of Anne Frank; hiders in Prinsengracht 263; specific camps Holocaust deniers, 94, 190–91, 200
homosexuality, 155, 157–58, 162
Hoogensteijn, Cornelia Wilhelmina Theresia “Thea,” 252–54
Hoste, Christine, 21, 138, 146–47, 184–85
Household Inventory Agency (Abteilung Hausraterfassung), 88, 315
Houthuijs, Wim, 157, 160, 272
Huf, Jules, 68, 196–97, 206
Hulsman, Bertus, 173, 176–77, 344n26
Hunger Winter, 86
illegal goods/documents, discovery of hiders by chance while looking for, 99, 183–85
Indonesia, 21
International Criminal Court, 21–22, 133
International Tracing Service (ITS; now Arolsen Archives), 216–17, 225
interviews with potential witnesses, 101. See also specific persons by name Iron Guard (De IJzeren Garde), 124, 318
IV B4. See Referat IV B4
J. & E. Henggeler, Zurich, Switzerland, 233–34
Jansen, Josephus (son of Job), 117
Jansen, Josephus Marinue “Job”: accusing wife and Otto Frank of affair, 114; as amoral opportunist, 128; as collaborator and NSB member, 113–15, 118, 119; Otto Frank’s postwar letter denouncing, 116, 118, 279, 338n2; letter denouncing Otto Frank, 115–16, 119, 121; sons, association with betrayal of, 116–17; as suspect, 113–20
Jansen, Martinus (son of Job), 113
Jansen-Bremer, Jetje (wife of Job), 113–14, 116, 117, 118
Japin, Arend, 252
Jehovah’s Witnesses, 201
“Jew-hunting unit.” See Referat IV B4
Jewish Coordination Commission (Joodse Co?rdinatie Commissie; JCC), 219, 222–23, 270, 318
Jewish Council (Joodse Raad/Judenraete; JR), 219–23; anonymous note and, 225–27, 245, 246; Contact Committee, Westerbork, 266–67, 277, 355n3; defined and described, 318–19; disbanding of, 267; emigration section, Otto applying to, 47; German use of, to control Jewish community, 44; Goudstikker art collection and, 263; granddaughter of van den Bergh on, 256, 257, 259; Het Joodsche Weekblad published by, 318; lists of addresses of people in hiding held by, 266–70, 276, 277; postwar condemnations of, 259, 267–68, 271, 280; postwar trials of board members, 267–68, 270; SD and, 225, 226, 230; Sperres system and, 45, 220–23; Spier and, 266–67; van den Bergh on, 219, 224, 227, 229–30; van den Bergh resigning from, 232
Jewish Honor Council and Courts (Joodse Ereraad), 270, 280, 318
Jewish Museum and Tolerance Center, Moscow, 109
Jewish property, theft of, 19, 30, 49, 75, 77, 88, 89, 149, 151–52, 232, 260–65, 267, 319, 325
Jewish Quarter, Amsterdam, xii, 43–45, 293
Jewish Social Work organization (Joods Maatschappelijk Werk), 246
Jews: Christianity, converted to, 201, 220; exchange Jews, 83, 220–21; German definition and ranking of, 221, 232, 233 (table); in hiding during WWII (See hiding; hiding in Prinsengracht 263); in mixed marriages (with Christians), 157, 220, 232; Palestine Jews, 39, 83, 221, 226. See also Dutch Jews Het Joodsche Weekblad, 44, 318
Jordaan district, Amsterdam, 129, 132, 137, 138, 272, 319
judenfrei, 149
Juliana (queen of the Netherlands), 287, 289
“Just go to your Jews!” remark, 176–77
Kaper, Abraham, 3–4, 68, 119, 152, 153, 165, 171, 186–89, 213, 235, 259, 276
Kaper, Abraham, Jr. (grandson), 187–89
Kardonne, Rick, 355n6
Keg (tea and coffee business), 132
Kempin, Otto, 150, 160–61
Kennedy, John F., assassination of, 196
Kindertransports, 34, 294, 324
“Kitty,” in Anne Frank diaries, 10, 11
Kizio, Esther (granddaughter of Arnold van den Bergh; pseudonym), 255–59, 261
Kleiman, Corrie (daughter), 60, 170
Kleiman, Johanna (wife), 54–55, 60, 71, 170
Kleiman, Johannes: at Amersfoort labor camp, 72; anonymous note and, 247–48, 250, 279, 281; Austrian origins of, 8, 38, 72; Cauvern and, 249; death of, 202, 288; first investigation of raid (1947–1948) and, 164–67, 279; food, gathering, 60, 146; on Anne Frank, 59–60; on Lammert Hartog, 206; helping Franks and others hide in Prinsengracht 263, 37, 51, 52, 55, 59–60; next-door neighbor of, 170; Opekta, postwar operation of, 286; postwar life, 288; raid on Prinsengracht 263 and, 67–69, 71–72, 206; Silberbauer and, 195; survival of war by, 81; suspicions about hiding of Jews, knowledge of, 66; Willem van Maaren, hiring of, 64
Kleiman, Willy (brother), 52, 55, 65, 66, 72, 135, 136
Klijn, Henk, 253
“knowledge, motive, and opportunity” axiom, 118, 277–78
Koemans, Monique, 20–21, 110–11, 123, 138, 183–85, 211, 224
Koning, Johannes Gerard, 217, 347n4
Koot, Hendrik, 42, 115, 125
Kopgeld, 88–89, 108–9, 112, 127, 150, 152, 171, 201, 235, 297, 319
Kremer, Gerard and Gerardus Sr., 143–47, 155, 163, 272
Kristallnacht (1938), 26
Kroesen, Peter, 111–12, 131, 234
Kugelmann, Yves, 26–27
Kugler, Victor: at Amersfoort labor camp, 72; brother-in-law of, accused of collaboration, 170–71; Cauvern and, 249; death of, 289; different versions of raid provided by, 181–83, 184; first investigation of raid (1947–1948) and, 164–67, 279; helping hiders in Prinsengracht 263, 37–38, 49, 51, 64, 66; postwar life of, 288–89; raid on Prinsengracht 263 and, 68–72; Shapiro, proposed collaboration with, 282–83; Silberbauer and, 192, 194, 195; survival of war by, 81
Kuiper, Maarten, 153–54
Kurier, 196
Lages, Willy, 149, 186, 187, 193, 230–31, 252–53, 260, 263, 268
Lam, Dr., 144, 145, 146
Lee, Carol Ann, 98, 121–23, 126–27, 351–52n7
Letters Never Sent (Bolle), 225
letters of Otto Frank: diary-related mail, answering, 286, 289; in German Literature Archive Marbach, 184; obtained from Cara Wilson-Granant, 242–44; refusal of permission to quote from, 28n Levi, Primo, If This Is a Man, 9, 11
Life magazine, 92
linguistic analysis of anonymous note, 240, 251–52
Lippmann-Rosenthal (LIRO) bank, 49, 77, 149, 231–32, 319
Long, Breckinridge, 46
Lotty’s bench, Apollolaan district, Amsterdam, 293–94
Maison Evany (hat shop), Amsterdam, 144, 155
Man Who Hid Anne Frank, The (Shapiro), 282–83, 289, 355n6
Mandell, Ross, 18–19
Mapping Project, 102, 170, 319
Markman, Art, 199
Martinus, Martinus J., 115, 125
Mater, Jacobus, 204
Matisse, Henri, 25
Mauthausen, 45, 83, 157, 319
Media Project, 102
Meeboer, Jacob, 166–68
Meiler, Alfred, 348n7
Meiler, Max, 208, 210–11
Mein Kampf (Hitler), 30
memory, fluidity of, 181–83
Mengele, Josef, 193
Merwedeplein 37, Frank home at, 35, 40, 55
Michael Frank & Sons bank, Amsterdam, 31, 37
Microsoft AI program, 97, 102, 131, 201