Code Girls: The Untold Story of the American Women Code Breakers Who Helped Win World War II

Margaret Gilman McKenna by Skype, April 19, 2016

Ruth Schoen Mirsky, in Belle Harbor, New York, June 8, June 16, and October 20, 2015

Helen Nibouar, by telephone, July 3, 2015

Dorothy Ramale in Springfield, Virginia, May 29 and July 12, 2015

Betty Bemis Robarts in Georgia, December 2, 2015

Anne Barus Seeley in Yarmouth, Massachusetts, June 12, 2015

Lyn Ramsdell Stewart, by telephone, October 27, 2015

Nancy Thompson Tipton, by telephone, January 27, 2016

Nancy Dobson Titcomb in Springvale, Maine, October 1, 2015

Jane Case Tuttle, in Scarborough, Maine, September 30, 2015

Clyde Weston, by telephone, October 9, 2015

Kitty Weston, in Oakton, Virginia, April 10, 2015

Edith Reynolds White, in Williamsburg, Virginia, February 8, 2016

Jean Zapple, by telephone, undated





Manuscript and Archival Sources


National Archives and Records Administration II in College Park, Maryland

National Archives and Records Administration Personnel Records Center in St. Louis, Missouri

Library of Congress Veterans History Project in Washington, D.C.

Betty H. Carter Women Veterans Historical Project, Martha Blakeney Hodges Special Collections and University Archives, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina.

William F. Friedman Papers and Elizebeth Smith Friedman Collection at George C. Marshall Foundation Library in Lexington, Virginia

National Cryptologic Museum Library in Fort Meade, Maryland

Naval History and Heritage Command Ready Reference Room in Washington, D.C.

Personal Archives of Deborah Anderson in Dayton, Ohio

Dayton History in Dayton, Ohio

Winthrop University Louise Pettus Archives

Center for Local History, Arlington Public Library, Arlington, Virginia

Historical Society of Washington, D.C.

Wellesley College Archives in Wellesley, Massachusetts

Schlesinger Library at Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study in Cambridge, Massachusetts

Smith College Archives in Northampton, Massachusetts

Randolph College Archives in Lynchburg, Virginia

Jones Memorial Library in Lynchburg, Virginia

Pittsylvania County History Research Center and Library in Chatham, Virginia

Women Veterans Oral History Project, University of North Texas





Oral Histories


National Security Agency (available online):

Hildegarde Bearg-Hopt, NSA-OH-2013-30, March 15, 2013

Mary H. (Polly) Budenbach, NSA-OH-2001-27, June 19, 2001

Benson Buffham, NSA-OH-51-99, June 15, 1999

Lambros D. Callimahos, NSA-OH-2013-86, Summer 1966

Howard Campaigne, NSA-OH-20-83, June 29, 1983

Ann Caracristi, NSA-OH-15-82, July 16, 1982

Gloria Chiles, NSA-OH-32-80, September 15, 1980

Elizabeth Corrin, NSA-OH-2002-06, February 8, 2002

Prescott Currier, NSA-OH-02-72, April 14, 1972

Prescott Currier, NSA-OH-03-80, November 14, 1980

Wilma (Berryman) Davis, NSA-OH-25-82 December 3, 1982

Elizebeth Friedman, NSA-OH-1976-16, November 11, 1976

Elizebeth Friedman, NSA-OH-1976-17, November 11, 1976

Elizebeth Friedman, NSA-OH-1976-18, November 11, 1976

Theresa G. Knapp, NSA-OH-1999-67, November 8, 1999

Solomon Kullback, NSA-OH-17-82, August 26, 1982

Jimmie Lee Hutchison Powers Long, NSA-OH-2010-46, June 30, 2010

Arthur J. Levenson, NSA-OH-40-80, November 25, 1980.

Georgia Ludington, NSA-OH-1996-09, September 5, 1996

Dorothy Madsen, NSA-OH-2010-24, April 27, 2010

Georgette McGarrah, NSA-OH-2013-06, January 22, 2013

Juanita (Morris) Moody, NSA-OH-1994-32, June 16, 1994

Juanita Moody, NSA-OH-2001-28, June 20, 2001

Juanita Moody, NSA-OH-2003-12, June 12, 2003

Helen Nibouar, NSA-OH-2012-39, June 7, 2012

Francis Raven, NSA-OH-03-72, March 28, 1972

Francis Raven, NSA-OH-1980-03, January 24, 1980

Frank Rowlett, NSA-OH-1976-(1-10), undated 1976

Abraham Sinkov, NSA-OH-02-79, May 1979

Sally Speer, NSA-OH-18-84, August 28, 1984

Margueritte Wampler, NSA-OH-2002-03, April 29, 2003

Betty H. Carter Women Veterans Historical Project, Martha Blakeney Hodges Special Collections and University Archives, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, NC (available online):

Helen R. Allegrone, April 21, 1999, WV0062

Jaenn Coz Bailey, January 13, 2000, WV0141

Betty Hyatt Caccavale, June 18, 1999, WV0095

Myrtle O. Hanke, February 11, 2000 WV0147

Ava Caudle Honeycutt, November 22, 2008, WV0438

Erma Hughes Kirkpatrick, May 12, 2001, WV0213

University of North Texas Oral History Collection:

Louise Pearsall Canby, OH Collection No. 1163, March 17, 1997

William W. Pearsall, OH Collection No. 1185, June 18, 1997

Library of Congress Veterans History Project (available online, most undated):

Ann Caracristi

Ann Ellicott Madeira

Donna Doe Southall

Ethel Louise Wilson Poland

Elizabeth Bigelow Stewart

Frances Lynd Scott





Books


Alvarez, David. Secret Messages: Codebreaking and American Diplomacy, 1930–1945. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2000.

Atkinson, Rick. The Guns at Last Light: The War in Western Europe, 1944–1945. New York: Henry Holt, 2013.

Beevor, Antony. Ardennes 1944: The Battle of the Bulge. New York: Viking, 2015.

. D-Day: The Battle for Normandy. New York: Penguin, 2010.

Benson, Robert Louis. A History of U.S. Communications Intelligence During World War II: Policy and Administration. Washington, DC: Center for Cryptologic History, National Security Agency, 1997.

Browne, Jay, and C. Carlson, eds. Echoes of Our Past: Special Publication. Pace, FL: Naval Cryptologic Veterans Association; Patmos, 2008.

Budiansky, Stephen. Battle of Wits: The Complete Story of Codebreaking in World War II. New York: Free Press, 2000.

Butler, Elizabeth Allen. Navy Waves. Charlottesville, VA: Wayside Press, 1988.

Carlson, Elliot. Joe Rochefort’s War: The Odyssey of the Codebreaker Who Outwitted Yamamoto at Midway. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2011.

Center for Cryptologic History. The Friedman Legacy: A Tribute to William and Elizebeth Friedman. National Security Agency, 2006.

Clark, Ronald. The Man Who Broke Purple: The Life of Colonel William F. Friedman, Who Deciphered the Japanese Code in World War II. Boston: Little Brown, 1977.

Dalton, Curt. Keeping the Secret: The Waves & NCR Dayton, Ohio 1943–1946. Dayton: Curt Dalton, 1997.

DeBrosse, Jim, and Colin Burke. The Secret in Building 26: The Untold Story of America’s Ultra War Against the U-Boat Enigma Codes. New York: Random House, 2004.

De Leeuw, Karl, and Jan Bergstra, eds. The History of Information Security: A Comprehensive Handbook. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2007.

Drea, Edward J. MacArthur’s ULTRA: Codebreaking and the War Against Japan, 1942–1945. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1992.

Ebbert, Jean, and Marie-Beth Hall. Crossed Currents: Navy Women in a Century of Change. Washington, DC: Brassey’s, 1999.

Friedman, William. Elementary Military Cryptography. Laguna Hills, CA: Aegean Park, 1976.

. Elements of Cryptanalysis. Laguna Hills, CA: Aegean Park, 1976.

Liza Mundy's books