JAH “theoretically was restricted to low grade traffic”: RG 0457, 9032 (A1), Box 1115, “History of the Language Branch, Army Security Agency.”
She owned that code: That Virginia Aderholdt attended Bethany College is in RG 0457, 9032 (A1), Box 1007, “Personnel Organization.” That she “scanned and translated JAH and related texts” and that the Japanese translators followed the war by monitoring the diplomatic messages is in RG 0457, 9032 (A1), Box 1115, “History of the Language Branch, Army Security Agency.”
She “had worked on that code and loved”: Frank Rowlett, oral history interview in 1976, NSA-OH-1976-1-10, 189–192.
At Arlington Hall, the rule was: Solomon Kullback recalls that though Arlington Hall knew the Japanese surrender message was coming twenty-four hours in advance, “no word leaked out.” Oral history interview on August 26, 1982, NSA-OH-17-82.
Chapter Sixteen: Good-Bye to Crow
“I went down town yesterday to do some shopping”: Virginia Braden to Dot Braden, December 10, 1945.
“I think I enjoyed them more than any letters I received”: Jim Bruce to Dot Braden Bruce, January 16, 1946.
Epilogue: The Mitten
Hugh Erskine, a younger relative: Hugh Erskine, interview with the author.
In an interview before her death: Ann Caracristi, interviews with the author.
Polly Budenbach, a Smith College graduate: Mary H. “Polly” Budenbach, oral history interview on June 19, 2001, NSA-OH-2001-27. Budenbach also discusses the difficulty of having an NSA career and having a spouse.
In the very early days of 1943, an ex-schoolteacher: Robert L. Benson, “The Venona Story,” https://www.nsa.gov/about/cryptologic-heritage/historical-figures-publications/publications/coldwar/assets/files/venona_story.pdf.
“Gene was just an independent person”: Eleanor Grabeel, interview with the author.
“In every case the response was the same”: Elizabeth Bigelow Stewart, essay of reminiscence, shared with the author by her daughter Cam Weber.
Janice Martin Benario, the Goucher Latin major: Janice Martin Benario, interviews with the author.
Dorothy Ramale, the aspiring math teacher: Dorothy Ramale, interviews with the author.
Betty Bemis, the champion swimmer: Betty Bemis Robarts, naval code breaker, interview with the author in Georgia on December 2, 2015.
Louise Pearsall, who worked on Enigma: “Interview with Louise Pearsall Canby,” oral history taken by her daughter, Sarah Jackson, May 17, 1997, University of North Texas Oral History Collection Number 1163; Sarah Jackson, interviews with the author; William Pearsall, interview with the author.
Betty Allen, one of the group of friends: Elizabeth Allen Butler, Navy Waves (Charlottesville, VA: Wayside Press, 1988).
Here is how the round-robin letter worked: Ruth Schoen Mirsky, interviews with the author.
“We hadn’t won any battles and didn’t feel”: Edith Reynolds White, interviews with the author.
Fran Steen, the Goucher biology major: Fran Josephson, SCETV interview; Jed Suddeth, interview with the author; David Shimp, interview with the author.
“There were Japanese that went down with that ship”: Jeuel Bannister Esmacher, interview with the author.
“I had always done everything I was told”: Jane Case Tuttle, interview with the author.
“Oh golly, did I miss it”: Mary Carpenter and Betty Paul Dowse, “The Code Breakers of 1942,” Wellesley (Winter 2000): 26–30.
“A lot of people don’t bother to learn their names”: Dorothy Braden Bruce, interviews with the author.