The Quality of Mercy

28



It took Kemp forty-eight hours to reach the city of Durham, the journey broken by an overnight stay at an inn in Nottingham. Spenton was expecting the visit and would have sent a coach to bring his guest the twelve miles or so from the city, but Kemp had decided well in advance that he would hire a mount from the stables of the inn where his coach set him down. He was not carrying a great deal in the way of luggage; what he had would go into saddlebags. The thing of overriding importance to his mind was having independence of movement during his stay, being able to range freely; he had much to see, and wanted to choose his own time for the seeing. Spenton would have stables, but borrowing a horse would mean making arrangements, stating intentions and so limiting the freedom he felt to be essential. As always, he was single-minded, formidably so; all of his being was concentrated now on learning what he could, assessing the levels of investment that would be needed, striving to apply what he had learned from his study of the industry to the actual workings of the mine, which would be entirely new to him.

It was midafternoon when, after some questioning of people along the way, he reached the gates to the house and grounds, though as yet no house was visible. Stone pillars on either side were surmounted by reclining lions, bemused and emaciated by time and weather. A man emerged from a small lodge and opened the gate to him. The drive, broad enough for two coaches to pass, wound upward through rolling parkland, with copses of oak and ash cunningly laid out to give a sense of limitless vistas. The land fell away on his rig ht as he neared the house, and he caught a flat gleam of water in the distance from what he supposed was a lake.

The house was of gray stone, broad-fronted and imposing, with wings that looked more recent than the main body of the building. A footman in livery appeared instantly, descended the steps between the parterres and with much deference took charge of Kemp’s horse and led it away. As he began to mount the steps, a youngish man, plainly dressed in a dark twill suit, came down to meet him and held out his hand. “Welcome to Wingfield, sir,” he said. “My name is Bourne, Roland Bourne. I am a half cousin of Lord Spenton and I act here as his steward. His lordship asks me to apologize for his failure to be here in person to greet you on your arrival. There is a meet of the hunt today, and it is expected of him to be present at it.”

“I quite understand,” Kemp said, relieved at having time to gather himself before being required to encounter Spenton again and find the right face to put upon his host’s blend—remembered from their meeting at Vauxhall—of studied nonchalance and sudden fits of enthusiasm for what had seemed entirely marginal matters, tricks of water, clockwork toys, this handball match that was soon to take place. “Great possessions bring duties,” he said, summoning a smile. “That is a general rule.” This fellow seemed pleasant enough—probably a younger son and more or less penniless; otherwise he would hardly be at Spenton’s beck and call.

“Indeed it is, sir, indeed it is. Lady Spenton is still enjoying her afternoon repose, and so it falls to me to show you to your apartment. It was thought that you might like to take your ease for a while, after the journey.”

The room was on the first floor, reached from the main hall by a broad flight of steps that ascended directly, with no hint of the curve now thought fashionable, attesting to the age of the house, at least in this main part of it—well over a century, Kemp thought, noting as he mounted the stairs the heavy Jacobean oak rails of the banister. The Spenton family was not newly arrived at wealth and large estates, so much was obvious.

It was clear to him, however, that money had been spent on the house, and perhaps fairly recently. His room was more spacious than it would once have been; walls had been demolished to make space for the canopied bed, the broad writing desk, the marble bust of an unknown worthy, the easy chairs, the smooth extent of Turkey carpet.

There was a lingering warmth of sunshine here, and he noted the two large windows that had replaced the narrow casements of a former age. He approached these now and looked out over extensive views of the grounds. The long approach to the house, with the tree-lined drive rising gradually, had brought him to an eminence he had not fully realized until now. He could see the whole shape of the lake from here, a perfect oval, its shores clustered with willows, a small boat with a Chinese-style pagoda moored to the landing stage. Beyond this was what looked like a ruined abbey, with Gothic towers and ivied columns.

By approaching the edge of one window and widening as much as possible his angle of vision, he was able to look eastward and see, at the furthest limit of sight, a pale suffusion in the sky that he thought must indicate the line of the coast. Before this, rising toward it, there was a thickening of the light, a low mist, pale sulfurous in color, and he guessed this to mark the distant presence of the mine. He noticed a narrow seam of green, two or three miles in length, running directly toward the sea. Some wooded cleft in the land …

He was left to his thoughts and plans for an hour or so, and he was beginning to grow sleepy, as he half reclined in the high-backed chair with its deep cushions and footstool, when an elderly retainer came tapping at his door to tell him that Lord and Lady Spenton were below and looking forward to the pleasure of his company for tea in the drawing room.

He was struck by the difference they showed in the style of their greetings. Lady Spenton bade him welcome with none of her husband’s languidness of manner. She was a tall woman, angular in figure and brisk of speech. She had made little effort to dress for the occasion; her hair was combed loose to her shoulders, without ornament, and she wore a day gown with a long apron of the sort she would wear when going about her usual duties. Spenton himself had come in straight from the hunt, still in riding habit and top boots.

There had been a fall during the chase. A neighboring farmer had been thrown and had suffered a twisted wrist and two cracked ribs. “It is all in the way you take the fence,” Spenton said. “The horse must be sure of its rider, or it will balk. Personally, I think the beast was taking revenge. Davis is a heavy-handed fellow, I have seen myself how he wrenches his mount. A horse has a memory, sir, and sooner or later it will square accounts.” He paused here to take some tea, then turned to his wife. “And how has your day been, my dear?”

This would be the first moment of the day they had set eyes on each other, Kemp thought, as Lady Spenton began speaking of some wrangle with a tenant over delayed rents. And it would probably be more or less the same every day while Spenton was up here, a situation which he suspected might well accord with the wishes of both. She would see to the running of the house, the management of the servants, the day-to-day dealings with the local tenant farmers. Helped in all this, and perhaps in more than this, by the pleasant-mannered steward …

Kemp delayed any talk about his own plans until that evening at supper, which he and Spenton took alone, the lady of the house having sent her excuses and retired early. He had no very definite intentions for next day; he wanted to see the way things were run, the way the mine was managed, before starting to make plans for cutting labor costs and increasing production, though sure there would be scope for this. He knew—though he did not speak of it—that the mine was not making profits commensurate with capacity. With 130 men and boys at work in the colliery, and in spite of its favorable position near the sea and its extensive deposits, Spenton’s income from the mine was considerably short of two thousand pounds a year. He would make a good deal more from his land rents, so much was certain; but Kemp had studied the figures, and he knew that the balance was shifting from year to year in favor of the wealth that lay below, with the growing importance of coal for the steel industry and the decreasing costs of transport as the roads improved.

He asked one or two questions regarding matters not yet clear to him, depending as they did on local practice: the levels of advance payment at the time of hiring, the extent to which the miners absented themselves from the work when they felt they had money enough to last the week. But for information on these counts he was referred to the steward and the head overman, Spenton professing himself to be entirely ignorant of them. Only once in the course of the meal did his host show any degree of interest in the conversation, and that was when he spoke of the impending handball match. They had a new champion this year, a young man named Michael Bordon, who worked as a putter in the mine.

“Backbreaking work, you know,” Spenton said. “He won’t go on much longer with the handball—he will be past it before he reaches thirty. But for the present he is very gifted at it, he has the eye and the speed, quite out of the common. I talk to my tenants when I come up here, it is expected of me, I have always done it. But I make a point of coming up at this time of year so as to see the handball match—I never miss that if I can help it. It is an annual event, you know, with the neighboring colliery of Northfield, which is owned by the Pemberton family. It has been going on for many years now, it was started in my father’s time. Pemberton and I have a few guineas on the result. We were defeated last year by their man, who I am told will be their champion again this year, a formidable player, a man named Dickson. You are lucky in the timing of your visit, Kemp, the match is on this coming Sunday.”

Kemp expressed a pleasure at this prospect that he did not feel. He thought it extraordinary that Spenton should be entirely ignorant of hiring levels at the mine and yet fully conversant with the names of the handball players. It was possible, of course, that the vagueness was mere affectation and that he knew a great deal more about the workings of the mine than he allowed to appear. Acquainted as he was with his host’s spending habits, Kemp suspected that the few guineas would in fact be a few hundred. He was not a gambling man himself. His superstition, passionate as it was, lay all in the search for certainty, for assurances and portents, signs that would guarantee a success total and unqualified, impervious to the quirks of accident. That the signs themselves might be no more than accidental was not a suspicion he permitted himself, except in rare moments of discouragement.

That night the moon shone through his window, a summer moon, full and reddish, like a nighttime sun. He did not close the shutters against this luminous intrusion, which made the objects in the room—the posts of the bed, the marble bust, the outlines of the chairs—into shapes of enchantment. As he lay awake and watched the slow shifting of the shadows, the strangeness, the unearthly light seemed like a promise to him, a good augury for the change in his life that he was planning.

A lot would depend on the next few days, what he saw, what he was shown. Spenton obviously took little interest in the day-to-day management of the mine; his steward, Roland Bourne, would know more, and there would be deputies responsible for hiring labor, for upkeep, for the rendering of accounts. But Bourne was there because of family connection, not because of any proved capacity. It seemed to Kemp, as he lay there in the moonlight, a distinctly haphazard way of doing things. He would introduce more method, a closer control. There were many abuses in the industry. He had read of the frauds of the coal dealers, the malpractices in the relations between the coal owners and the lighter-men who carried the coal from the wharves at the mouth of the Wear out to the collier ships that would bear it south to Hull and London.

Vigilance would be needed, but the times were auspicious. Blast furnaces fed by coke were growing in size and number, an expansion greatly helped by the wars with France, which had increased the demand for all manner of weaponry. They still had to use charcoal for converting the pig iron into bar iron, but it could not be long now before coke alone was used for the whole process, bringing about a huge increase in the demand for coal.

As he lay there in an excited reverie of possibilities and prospects, Jane Ashton’s image was never far from his mind. She was a luminous presence there in the room. He thought of how he would explain his plans to her; he saw her face in the moonlight, bright-eyed with interest as she listened to him. He remembered her face as he had seen it, glimpsed so briefly in the Spring Gardens at Vauxhall just at the moment when he had come to an agreement with Spenton, made radiantly beautiful by the descending shower of gold. One day he would tell her of this quintessential moment, but not yet. He had a sudden strong erotic feeling for her, the white neck with its pearls, the gemstones in her hair, the straight shoulders and slender waist, the close-fitting bodice of her dress. He pictured her undressing in the moonlight of this room while he lay waiting for her. She would feel a maidenly demur at undressing completely; she would retain an undergarment of some diaphanous material, thin enough for her to feel his touch on her body as she lay beside him, touch of a man’s hands, never felt before … All was propitious for invention and expansion, every factor, every indication. The fall in the rate of interest, coinciding as it did with a growth in the markets at home and abroad, had provided strong incentives. The return of peace in 1763 had eased the pressure on the price of Consols and brought with it a rate of public borrowing which was unlikely to exceed three percent … The quickened breath of her excitement as she turned toward him, as he rose above her …

Limitless possibilities of pleasure and profit filled his mind as the moon rose across his windows and the light of it ebbed slowly from the room. He did not sleep until long after midnight, but the morning found him fresh, and eager to begin his explorations. He would have liked to set forth at once, immediately after his hot chocolate and buttered toast, but Spenton had an hour to spare before meeting some of his tenants and he was anxious to show his visitor some of the features of the grounds.

The lake came first. A huge basin had been scooped out and water fed into it by diverting a tributary of the Wear that ran behind the house. Clumps of trees had been artfully disposed to break the view and give an air of naturalness to this blank sheet.

“No vista is complete without water,” Spenton said. “I have also constructed a grotto with cascades, which I shall show you shortly. It was designed by Repton, you know. I first had the idea while on a visit to Chiswick Park, which was laid out for Lord Burlington in the romantic style by William Kent. Kent was virtually unknown at that time, but he became famous afterward, he laid out the grounds for a good many houses, generally contriving a lake and waterfalls and a folly or two, and planting trees to give a natural look. Repton learned much from him. It was Repton who built the medieval ruin for me. I had to extend the park on that side by taking over some of the common ground.”

Guided by his host, Kemp was able to see, across the motionless expanse of water, beyond the boat with the Chinese pagoda, through a fringe of weeping willows, the broken towers and arches that he had glimpsed the afternoon before from the window of his room.

“You will scarce believe it,” Spenton said, “but in my father’s time these grounds were still laid out with formal walks and straight avenues, in the old, outmoded style, you know. I took care to have copses planted out with oak and beech and ash. These are trees with a quality of the picturesque, of course, but that is not the only reason. When the time comes for thinning, they are the most profitable timber to sell.”

Only a politeness deriving from self-interest held Kemp back from some expression of sarcasm at these words. His host had spent enormous sums on these improvements; he had appropriated common ground, perhaps destroying woodland in the process, at a loss to the local people. And all this not for any sound commercial reason but simply to extend the view, make space for a totally unnecessary ruin. And now here he was, congratulating himself on the small profits he would make from the sale of timber!

The grotto had a pool and a waterfall divided into three streams that descended over the face of a shallow cave. The central stream fell onto the boards of a water wheel and kept it turning, and this, by the aid of some instrument that Kemp did not see, caused a water nymph, fashioned in polished tin, with a painted smile and painted nipples, to stand clear of the water for some moments, sink to her midriff, rise again, dripping and smiling.

“My own invention entirely,” Spenton said. “It was inspired by the water show at the Spring Gardens, which you will recall we visited together. I am planning to introduce another wheel, which will revolve in the opposite direction and bring forth a triton or perhaps a seahorse.”

As they returned, Spenton led Kemp up a short rise, which brought them to the highest point in the grounds. There was a gazebo on the crest, with steps that led up to an open lantern. From here the views were extensive, and Kemp remarked on the yellowish mist of smoke that thickened the air at a distance below them. “I suppose that marks the colliery,” he said.

“Indeed, sir, yes. It does something to spoil the vista, but up here it does not much trouble us. We may see it, but it does not accede to the nostrils. Bad odors keep close to the ground, they lurk, sir.”

From here there was a clear view across to the sea, more now than a difference in the quality of light, as it had seemed earlier from Kemp’s window, but a definite territory of water, slate blue in the morning light. He could see gulls wheeling above, not the forms of the birds but the flashes that came from them as they turned in flight. However, what mainly took his attention was the long seam of green that lay toward the sea, in fact appeared to join it. It was the same wooded cleft that he had seen from his room, but from this point of vantage he had a stronger sense of the strangeness of it, this deep scrape in a landscape of pasture fields and sparse trees. Impossible from here to determine how deep it was, how deeply it had gouged out the land. But the cleft must be narrow and the sides steep, he thought; otherwise the depth of the cut would be easier to judge from a height so far above.

“That valley down there,” he said. “Strange in such a setting. It looks like a kind of ravine.” In fact it was like a wound, he thought, a wound stitched by the vegetation that had sprung up but still not healed.

“A kind of ravine is what it is. The people here call it the Dene. There are a number of such narrow valleys here in East Durham, where rivers have cut trenches in the limestone. Scientific gentlemen from London have sometimes asked permission to visit this one—botanists, naturalists, people of that kind.”

“Why is that?”

“It has its own climate, quite different from the land surrounding it. The sides are very steep and they are thickly wooded, so they can sometimes protect the valley floor from winds, sometimes expose it to the blast by acting like a tunnel. This makes for extremes of light and temperature, or so I am told. There are parts of the Dene that keep warm even in winter. It seems that butterflies extremely rare elsewhere in Britain are commonly seen here. A gentleman from the Royal Society once told me that he had identified more than a hundred different kinds of moss and liverwort bordering the stream that runs through. I allow the mining folk to go there, provided they set no traps or snares. My gamekeeper keeps an eye on things. The people know I would close it off if there were any trouble of that kind. Meanwhile, you know, it is a resource for them. The children play there until the time comes for them to start work in the mine. There are mushrooms and berries to be gathered. Courting couples find refuge there, among the trees.” He paused, smiling. “I believe that agreeing to venture in there is an important step on the road to matrimony,” he said.

There was a sort of easy paternalism in this that grated on Kemp and aroused a degree of hostility in him, not because he felt any great sympathy for the mining folk, but because it brought his own early struggles back to mind. He had had to scrabble for money, fight for his place in the world. Spenton could afford to take this indulgent tone, here in his gazebo, surveying the extent of his dominion—a dominion never challenged or brought into question except by his own extravagance and excess.

Naturally he said nothing of this. “It runs toward the sea,” he said. “It goes down deep, I suppose. How far does it extend?”

“It is three miles or so in length.”

As his interest in this valley mounted, Kemp found himself, without being aware of any conscious intention, fingering the brass button nestled in his waistcoat pocket. It had proved its worth; it had served him well on his first meeting with Spenton. He carried it with him always now and was glad to know that it was there, accompanying him as he took these first steps in exploring the mine’s potential for development and profit. “And it reaches the coast?” he said.

“Yes, it opens on the marshland adjoining the sea.”

Kemp had a sense that his host was growing slightly perplexed at the particularity of these questions, so he said nothing further. But when he afterward thought of the matter, it seemed to him that the id ea was born here, in this view from the gazebo, this instinct of caution. Spenton’s land, his untrammeled property—there could be no question of compensation. Perhaps a mile from the colliery to the beginning of the ravine. Did he own the marshland, the stretch of shore? There must be someone in the district, someone not too far away, who acted for Spenton, dealt with matters of land tenure, boundaries with neighbors, things of that sort.

“There are one or two things I should like to inquire into while I am up here,” he said. “Mainly concerning the charges fixed by neighboring landowners for bringing coal from the mine across their property. Is there someone you have appointed to see into these things?”

It seemed that there was, though Spenton, with the usual vagueness—genuine or assumed—seemed to have utmost difficulty in remembering anything of him but the name, a Mr. Bathgate, a notary. “Bourne will know more of him,” he said. “I believe his place of business is in Hartlepool. Perhaps you would like to have him brought over here?”

“No, no, it is only a few miles, I will ride over. It will give me some exercise.” The last thing he wanted just now was for Spenton or his steward to be present when he questioned the man.

Nothing more was said on the subject as the two retraced their steps to the house. The head overman, who had also, as it turned out, been employed as an agent for the previous lessee, came for him soon afterward, and they set off on horseback on their tour of the mine.

Kemp, in borrowed leather apron and cap, with a muslin mask over his face to protect his lungs from the dust, had himself lowered down in a wicker basket, with the overman beside him to guard him from collisions with the walls of the shaft. He saw the hewers kneeling or crouching in the candlelight to cut and hack into the coal face; he saw the labor of the putters and noted the length of the galleries and workways along which they had to drag the loaded corves; he questioned the overman closely on the methods of dealing with marsh gas and chokedamp; he had the problems of flooding explained to him and learned much about the various methods of ventilating the mine both by fire and by the use of trapdoors—these last worked by children during their first three years at the pit.

By the end of the day he had learned a great deal about the working of the colliery and the methods of extraction. He had also learned, from Roland Bourne, the full name, and the address, of the notary in Hartlepool.

But the great moment of his visit came early next morning, when he rode alone to the mouth of the Dene and saw that, though the sides were steep and thickly wooded, the path that led down from the opening of the ravine to the stream below descended by much more gradual degrees, and that the land immediately adjoining the stream continued roughly level on either side, at least for the mile or so that he walked along it.

He arrived in Hartlepool toward midday and had no difficulty in finding Mr. Bathgate’s place of business. The notary was a tall man, advanced in age, stooped a little at the shoulder, with a solemnity of utterance and manner belied by bright, quick-glancing eyes.

“Pray be seated, sir,” he said. “How can I be of service to you?”

Kemp had been kept waiting for twenty minutes or so in an outer room while the notary continued to converse with a client already there, who looked like someone in a small way of business, perhaps a shopkeeper—in any case, a person who should have been ushered out immediately when he, Kemp, had arrived on the scene. This, coupled with the fact that he felt free for the moment from Spenton’s presence and the constraint this entailed of appearing agreeable and obliging, brought out a strain of arrogance in him that was never far away.

“I am a guest of Lord Spenton,” he said, ignoring the offer of a chair. “I have need of information regarding his lordship’s estates.”

“Have you so?” The notary regarded his visitor for some moments, taking in the expensive and fashionable cut of his riding suit, the stiffness of his bearing, the dark eyes that were turned from him. He had registered the high-handed manner without being set in awe by it; he was not a man easily set in awe. “You will have a paper of some sort?” he said.

“A paper? What do you mean?”

“Some note from his lordship authorizing you to make these inquiries.”

“No, I have nothing of the sort. I cannot see that it is necessary. I informed Lord Spenton that I was in need of certain information and I obtained your name from him.”

“I see. So I am expected to take it on trust. I am afraid that sets certain limits on the nature of the information I can give you.”

Kemp checked the angry reply that rose to his lips. For the first time he deigned to look directly at the notary and found himself being regarded with a certain curiosity but without any hint of deference. Belatedly he realized that it had been a mistake to take such a peremptory tone; the fellow was insolent beyond what could have been expected in a provincial lawyer. “Well, it is nothing of a particularly confidential kind,” he said more mildly. “The valley known as the Dene, does it give access to a stretch of shore that forms part of Lord Spenton’s property?”

The notary maintained a silence for some moments, looking down at his hands, which lay clasped on the desk before him. Then he said, “The line of the shore is common land, sir, for fifty yards from the tidemark.”

“I understand that Lord Spenton has once already encroached on common land in order to enlarge his park, and this without penalty to him.”

“That is so, yes.”

“It is likely that he would have the same power of expropriation in this case.”

“It would be a reasonable assumption. The Spenton family have had the land in their possession for four generations. Possession confers rights, sir, that is the way of things.”

On this Kemp took his departure. He was reasonably satisfied with the interview, though bearing away an unfavorable opinion of the notary. Even if compensation for the enclosure had to be paid, it could not be so very much for a short stretch of shore. It would be money well spent in any case—it would give unimpeded access to the sea and with that the right to construct wharves and a harbor.

Occupied with these thoughts, he did not think to consider that Bathgate might have learned more from the interview than he had himself, but such in fact was the case. As the notary remained at his desk in the silence following upon Kemp’s departure, certain questions exercised his mind. Why would his visitor, not a local man and apparently wealthy, wish to make such an inquiry? Why had he ridden a dozen miles to do so when Spenton, whom he had claimed as his host, could easily have furnished the information? Why just there, just at that point, where the Dene opened out?

They were different sorts of question, but there was an answer that fit them all.