3“Thorbeckeplein,” Joodsamsterdam, https://www.joodsamsterdam.nl/thorbeckeplein/.
4Arthur Seyss-Inquart, speech to NSNAP, Concertgebouw, Amsterdam, March 12, 1941. See Gerben Post, Lotty’s Bench, The Persecution of the Jews of Amsterdam Remembered, translated by Tom Leighton (Volendam, Netherlands: LM Publishers, 2018), 44.
5Ibid.
6Moore, Victims and Survivors, 70.
7Ibid., 69–73.
8Ad van Liempt, Hitler’s Bounty Hunters: The Betrayal of the Jews, translated by S. J. Leinbach (New York: Berg, 2005), 10.
9Moore, Victims and Survivors, 71–73.
10Melissa Müller, Anne Frank: The Biography, translated by Rita and Robert Kimber (New York: Picador USA, 2013), 144–46.
11Ibid., 160.
12Breckinridge Long, memorandum to colleagues in State Department, June 26, 1940, quoted in ibid., 147.
13Müller, Anne Frank: The Biography, 152–53.
14Ibid., 163.
Chapter 8: Prinsengracht 263
1Gerben Post, Lotty’s Bench: The Persecution of the Jews of Amsterdam Remembered, translated by Tom Leighton (Volendam, Netherlands: LM Publishers, 2018), 50. See also Bob Moore, Victims and Survivors: The Nazi Persecution of the Jews in the Netherlands 1940–1945 (London: Arnold, 1997), 105.
2Gerard Aalders, Nazi Looting: The Plunder of Dutch Jewry During the Second World War, translated by Arnold Pomerans with Erica Pomerans (Oxford: Berg, 2004), 49, 129.
3Reinhard Rürup, Topography of Terror: Gestapo, SS, and Reichssicherheitshauptamt on the “Prinz-Albrecht-Terrain”: A Documentation (Berlin: Verlag Willlmuth Arenhovel, 1989), 152–53.
4Etty Hillesum, An Interrupted Life: The Diaries, 1941–1943, and Letters from Westerbork (New York: Picador USA, 1996), 150.
Chapter 9: The Hiding
1Ernst Schnabel, The Footsteps of Anne Frank, translated by Richard and Clara Winston (Harpenden, UK: Southbank Publishing, 2014), 84–85.
2Melissa Müller, Anne Frank: The Biography, translated by Rita and Robert Kimber (New York: Picador USA, 2013), 193.
3Jeroen de Bruyn and Joop van Wijk, Anne Frank: The Untold Story: The Hidden Truth About Eli Vossen, the Youngest Helper of the Secret Annex (Laag-Soeren, Netherlands: Bep Voskuijl Productions, 2018), 43.
4Ibid., 38.
5Miep Gies, quoted in Dienke Hondius, “A New Perspective on Helpers of Jews During the Holocaust: The Case of Miep and Jan Gies,” in Anne Frank in Historical Perspective: A Teaching Guide for Secondary Schools, edited by Alex Grobman and Joel Fishman (Los Angeles: Martyrs Memorial and Museum of the Holocaust, 1995), https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED391710.pdf, 38.
6Miep Gies with Alison Leslie Gold, Anne Frank Remembered: The Story of the Woman Who Helped to Hide the Frank Family (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2009), 88.
7Müller, Anne Frank: The Biography, 194.
8Gies, Anne Frank Remembered, 94.
9Ibid., 119.
10Ibid., 133.
11Müller, Anne Frank: The Biography, 195.
12Gies, Anne Frank Remembered, 117.
13Ibid., 98.
Chapter 10: You Were Asked. You Said Yes.
1Miep Gies with Alison Leslie Gold, Anne Frank Remembered: The Story of the Woman Who Helped to Hide the Frank Family (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2009), 126.
2Alex Grobman and Joel Fishman, eds., Anne Frank in Historical Perspective: A Teaching Guide for Secondary Schools (Los Angeles: Martyrs Memorial and Museum of the Holocaust, 1995), 38.
3Ibid., 40.
4Ernst Schnabel, The Footsteps of Anne Frank, translated by Richard and Clara Winston (Harpenden, UK: Southbank Publishing, 2014), 124.
5Grobman and Fishman, Anne Frank in Historical Perspective, 40–41.
6Ibid., 41.
7Ibid., 42.
8Schnabel, The Footsteps of Anne Frank, 126.
9Gies, Anne Frank Remembered, 103, 117.
10Schnabel, The Footsteps of Anne Frank, 102–03.
11Harry Rasky, “The Man Who Hid Anne Frank,” CBC documentary, 1980. See also Gies, Anne Frank Remembered, 111.
12Grobman and Fishman, Anne Frank in Historical Perspective, 39.
13Gies, Anne Frank Remembered, 109.
14Jeroen de Bruyn and Joop van Wijk, Anne Frank: The Untold Story: The Hidden Truth About Eli Vossen, the Youngest Helper of the Secret Annex (Laag-Soeren, Netherlands: Bep Voskuijl Productions, 2018), 56–57.
15Ibid., 76.
16Gies, Anne Frank Remembered, 129.
Chapter 11: A Harrowing Incident
1Ernst Schnabel, The Footsteps of Anne Frank, translated by Richard and Clara Winston (Harpenden, UK: Southbank Publishing, 2014), 146.
2Jeroen de Bruyn and Joop van Wijk, Anne Frank: The Untold Story: The Hidden Truth About Eli Vossen, the Youngest Helper of the Secret Annex (Laag-Soeren, Netherlands: Bep Voskuijl Productions, 2018), 63.
3Miep Gies with Alison Leslie Gold, Anne Frank Remembered: The Story of the Woman Who Helped to Hide the Frank Family (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2009), 102.
4Melissa Müller, Anne Frank: The Biography, translated by Rita and Robert Kimber (New York: Picador USA, 2013), 277.
5Ibid., 278.
6Anne Frank, diary entry, April 11, 1944, in The Diary of a Young Girl: The Definitive Edition, edited by Otto H. Frank and Mirjam Pressler (New York: Doubleday, 1995), 260.
7Carol Ann Lee, The Hidden Life of Otto Frank (New York: Harper Perennial, 2003), 121.
Chapter 12: Anatomy of a Raid
1Ernst Schnabel, The Footsteps of Anne Frank, translated by Richard and Clara Winston (Harpenden, UK: Southbank Publishing, 2014), 128.
2Miep Gies with Alison Leslie Gold, Anne Frank Remembered: The Story of the Woman Who Helped to Hide the Frank Family (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2009), 193.
3Dr. Josef Wiesinger, interview with Karl Silberbauer, August 21, 1963, Austrian Archive, Ministry of the Interior.
4Jules Huf, “Erstes interview mit H?scher Anne Frank” [“The First Interview of the Capturer of Anne Frank”], Kurier, November 22, 1963 (reprint in De Groene Amsterdammer, May 14, 1986).
5Interviews with Karl Silberbauer, Austrian Archives, Ministry of the Interior, November 25, 1963, and March 2, 1964.
6Arend J. van Helden, State Department of Criminal Investigation, Amsterdam, interview with Otto Frank, December 2–3, 1963, NIOD, Doc. 1 Van Maaren.
7Arend J. van Helden, State Department of Criminal Investigation, Amsterdam, interview with Willem van Maaren, October 6, 1964, NIOD, Doc. 1 Van Maaren.
8Ibid.
9Schnabel, The Footsteps of Anne Frank, 128.
10Notarized statement to A. J. Dragt, Anne Frank, NIOD inventory no. 4, 212c.
11Gies, Anne Frank Remembered, 193.
12Schnabel, The Footsteps of Anne Frank, 129.
13Evelyn Wolf, audio interview with Victor Kugler, 1972, Anne Frank Stichting (hereafter AFS).
14Schnabel, The Footsteps of Anne Frank, 129.
15Ernst Schnabel, original notes for The Footsteps of Anne Frank, 1957, German Literature Archive Marbach.
16Eda Shapiro and Rick Kardonne, Victor Kugler: The Man Who Hid Anne Frank (Jerusalem: Gefen Publishing House, 2008), 53.
17“I Hid Anne Frank from the Nazis,” interview with Victor Kugler, Pittsburgh Press, August 2, 1958.
18Arend J. van Helden, State Department of Criminal Investigation, Amsterdam, interview with Otto Frank, December 2–3, 1963, NIOD, Doc. 1 Van Maaren.
19Ibid.
20Schnabel, The Footsteps of Anne Frank, 134.
21Interview with Bep Voskuijl, “Wie pleegde het verraad van het achterhuis” [Who Betrayed the Secret Annex], Panorama, December 13,1963.
22Elisabeth (Bep) Voskuijl, audio interview with Oskar Morawetz, October 1978, Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
23Arend J. van Helden, State Department of Criminal Investigation, Amsterdam, interview with Jan Gies, December 23, 1963, NIOD, Doc. 1 Van Maaren.
24Gies, Anne Frank Remembered, 194–95.
25Ibid., 195.
26Ibid., 196–97.
27Ibid., 197.
28Schnabel, The Footsteps of Anne Frank, 138.
29Arend J. van Helden, State Department of Criminal Investigation, Amsterdam, interview with Jan Gies, December 23, 1963, NIOD, Doc. 1 Van Maaren.
30Schnabel, The Footsteps of Anne Frank, 140.
31Arend J. van Helden, State Department of Criminal Investigation, Amsterdam, interview with Otto Frank, December 2–3, 1963, NIOD, Doc. 1 Van Maaren.
32Schnabel, The Footsteps of Anne Frank, 143.
Chapter 13: Camp Westerbork