The Undoing Project: A Friendship that Changed the World

It had been five years since Amos last jumped from an airplane; he was given an infantry unit to command. The entire country prepared for war—and at the same time tried to judge what kind of war it would be. In Jerusalem, those who remembered the war of independence feared another siege and emptied the stores of canned goods. People found it hard to assign probabilities to the potential outcomes: A war with Egypt alone would probably be ugly but survivable; a war with the combined Arab states might mean total annihilation. The Israeli government arranged quietly for the public parks to be consecrated, to allow them to be used as mass graves. The entire country mobilized. Private cars took over the bus routes—as all the buses had been taken by the army. Schoolchildren delivered the milk and the mail. Israeli Arabs, who weren’t allowed to serve in the army, volunteered for the jobs left by Jewish conscripts. All the while an apocalyptic wind blew in from the desert. The sensation was like nothing Barbara had ever experienced. No matter how much you drank you felt thirsty; no matter how wet the laundry, it was dry inside of thirty minutes. It was 95 degrees, but standing in the desert gale you hardly noticed it was hot. She went to a kibbutz on the border just outside Jerusalem to help dig trenches. The man in his forties in charge of the volunteers had lost his leg in the war of independence and wore a prosthetic. He was a poet. He hobbled about, and worked on a poem.

Before the fighting began, Amos came home twice. Barbara was struck by how casually her new husband tossed his Uzi on the bed before taking a shower. No big deal! The country was in a state of panic, but Amos seemed unconcerned. “He told me, ‘There is no reason to worry. It will depend upon airpower, and we have it. Our Air Force will destroy their planes.’” On the morning of June 5, with Egypt’s army massed along the Israeli border, the Israeli Air Force launched a surprise attack. In a few hours Israeli pilots destroyed four hundred or so planes—virtually the entire Egyptian Air Force. Then the Israeli army rolled into the Sinai. By June 7 Israel was at war on three fronts against the armies of Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. Barbara went to a bomb shelter in Jerusalem and passed the time sewing sandbags.

It was later reported that, before the war, President Nasser had spoken with Ahmad Shukairy, the founder of the recently formed Palestine Liberation Organization. Nasser had proposed that Jews who survived the war be returned to their home countries; Shukairy had replied that there was no need to worry about it, as there wouldn’t be any Jewish survivors. The war started on a Monday. The following Saturday the radio announced that it was over. Israel had won such a one-sided victory that it felt to many Jews less like a modern-day war than a miracle from the Bible. The country was suddenly more than twice as big as it had been a few days earlier, and controlled the Old City of Jerusalem, along with all the holy places. Just a week before, it had been the size of New Jersey; now it was bigger than Texas, with far more defensible borders. The radio stopped airing battle reports and played joyous Hebrew songs about Jerusalem. Here was another way Israel was different from the United States: Its wars were short, and someone always won.

On Thursday Barbara got a message from a soldier in Amos’s unit; he let her know that Amos was alive. On Friday Amos drove up to their desert-beige apartment building in an army jeep and told her to hop in. Together they drove around the newly conquered West Bank. Along the way were strange and wonderful sights: warm reunions in the Old City of Jerusalem between Arab and Jewish shopkeepers, separated since 1948. A line of Arab men walking arm in arm up Ruppin Boulevard, in the Jewish Quarter, and pausing at the stoplights to clap . . . for the stoplights. The West Bank they found littered with burned-out Jordanian tanks and jeeps and empty tuna fish cans left by Israelis who had already come to picnic. They ended up in East Jerusalem, at the half-built summer palace of Jordan’s King Hussein, where Amos was now stationed, along with a couple of hundred other Israeli soldiers. “That villa was really a shock,” Barbara wrote to her family in Michigan that night, “combining the worst of Arabic taste with the worst of Miami Beach.”

Later came the funerals. “This morning the figures were published in the newspaper—679 dead, 2563 wounded,” Barbara wrote in a letter home. “Though the numbers are small, so is the country, so everyone can count the dead among his friends.” Amos had lost one of his men in an attack that he had led on a monastery on top of a hill in Bethlehem. Elsewhere on the battlefield, one of his best friends from childhood had been killed by a sniper, and several Hebrew University professors had been killed or wounded. “I grew up in the Vietnam War and I hadn’t known anyone who had gone to Vietnam, much less died there,” said Barbara. “I knew four people who were killed in the Six-Day War—and I’d only been there six months.”

For a week or so after the war, Amos camped at King Hussein’s summer palace. He was then installed briefly as military governor of Jericho. Hebrew University was turned into a prisoner-of-war camp. But classes at the university started again on June 26, and the professors who had fought in the war were expected to resume their former posts without a lot of fuss. Among them was Amnon Rapoport, who had returned with Amos to Israel, joined him in Hebrew University’s Department of Psychology, and taken his natural place as Amos’s closest friend. When Amos set off with his infantry unit, Amnon had climbed into another tank and rolled back into Jordan. His tanks had taken the lead in breaking through the Jordanian army’s front lines. This time Amnon had to admit to himself that this business of leaping into and out of wars had left him in a less than tranquil state of mind. “I mean, how is it possible? I am a young assistant professor. And they take me and within twenty-four hours I start killing people and become a killing machine. I didn’t know how to put it together. The dreams troubled me for several months. Amos and I talked about it: how to reconcile these two sides of life. Professor and killer.”

He and Amos had always assumed that they would work jointly to explore how people made decisions, but Amos was attached at the hip to Israel, and Amnon, once again, just wanted to get away. The problem, to Amnon, wasn’t just the constant warfare. The idea of working with Amos had lost its allure. “He was so dominating, intellectually,” said Amnon. “I realized that I didn’t want to stay in the shadow of Amos all my life.” In 1968 Amnon took off for the United States, became a professor at the University of North Carolina, and left Amos without anyone to talk to.



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In early 1967 Avishai Henik was twenty-one years old and working on a kibbutz in range of the Golan Heights. Every now and then the Syrians above him fired shells down on the kibbutz, but Avi didn’t give it much thought. He’d just finished his army service and, even though he had been a poor student in high school, was thinking of going to university. In May 1967 he was trying, without a great deal of success, to decide what he would study, and the Israeli army called him back into service. If they were calling him, Avi assumed, there was going to be a war. He joined a unit of maybe one hundred and fifty paratroopers, most of whom he’d never laid eyes on.

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