hith 'mist' in Hithaeglir, Hithlum (also in Nen Hithoel, a lake in Anduin). Hithlum is Sindarin in form, adapted from the Quenya name H?sil?m? given by the Noldorin exiles (Quenya h?si? 'mist', cf. H?sim?, the name of the eleventh month of the year. The Lord of the Rings Appendix D).
hoth 'host, horde' (nearly always in a bad sense) in Tol-in-Gaurhoth; also in Loss(h)oth, the Snowmen of Forochel (The Lord of the Rings Appendix A [I, iii]) and Glamhoth 'din-horde', a name for Orcs.
hyarmen 'south' (Quenya) in Hyarmentir; Sindarin har-, harn, harad.
ia 'void, abyss' in Moria.
iant 'bridge' in Iant Iaur.
i?th 'fence' in Doriath.
iaur 'old' in Iant Iaur; cf. the Elvish name of Bombadil, Iarwain.
ilm- This stem appears in Ilmen, Ilmar?, and also in Ilmarin ('mansion of the high airs', the dwelling of Manw? and Varda upon Oioloss?).
il?v? 'the whole, the all' in Il?vatar.
kal' (gal-) This root, meaning 'shine', appears in Calacirya, Calaquendi, Tar-Calion; galvorn, Gil-galad, Galadriel. The last two names have no connexion with Sindarin galadh tree', although in the case of Galadriel such a connexion was often made, and the name altered to Galadhriel. In the High-elven speech her name was Al(a)t?riel, derived from alata 'radiance' (Sindarin galad) and riel 'garlanded maiden' (from a root rig- 'twine, wreathe'): the whole meaning 'maiden crowned with a radiant garland', referring to her hair. calen (galen) 'green' is etymologically 'bright', and derives from this root; see also aglar.
k?no 'commander': this Quenya word is the origin of the second element in Fingon and Turgon.
kel- 'go away', of water 'flow away, flow down', in Celon; from et-kele 'issue of water, spring' was derived, with transposition of the consonants, Quenya ehtele, Sindarin eithel.
kemen 'earth' in Kement?ri; a Quenya word referring to the earth as a flat floor beneath menel, the heavens.
kheliek- 'ice' in Helcar, Helcarax? (Quenya helka 'icy, ice-cold'). But in Helevorn the first element is Sindarin heledh 'glass', taken from Khuzdul kheled (cf. Kheled-zaram 'Mirrormere'); Helevorn means 'black glass' (cf. galvorn).
khil- 'follow' in Hildor, Hild?rien, Eluch?l.
kir- 'cut, cleave' in Calacirya, Cirth, Angerthas, Cirith (Ninniach, Thoronath). From the sense 'pass swiftly through' was derived Quenya c?rya 'sharp-prowed ship' (cf. English cutter), and this meaning appears also in C?rdan, Tar-Ciryatan, and no doubt in the name of Isildur's son C?ryon.
lad 'plain, valley' in Dagorlad, Himlad; imlad a narrow valley with steep sides, in Imladris (cf. also Imlad Morgul in the Ephel D?ath).
laure 'gold' (but of light and colour, not of the metal) in Laurelin; the Sindarin forms in Gl?redhel, Glorfindel, Loeg Ningloron, L?rindol, Rathl?riel.
lhach 'leaping flame' in Dagor Bragollach, and probably in Anglachel (the sword made by E?l of meteoric iron).
lin (1) 'pool, mere' in Linaewen (which contains aew [Quenya aiwe] 'small bird'), Teiglin; cf. aelin.
lin- (2) This root, meaning 'sing, make a musical sound', occurs in Ainulindal?, Laurelin, Lindar, Lindon, Ered Lindon, l?melindi.
lith 'ash' in Anfauglith, Dor-nu-Fauglith; also in Ered Lithui, the Ashen Mountains, forming the northern border of Mordor, and Lithlad 'Plain of Ashes' at the feet of Ered Lithui.
lok- 'bend, loop' in Urul?ki (Quenya [h]l?k? 'snake, serpent', Sindarin Ih?g).
l?m 'echo' in Dor-l?min, Ered L?min; related are Lammoth, Lanthir Lamath.
l?m? 'dusk' in L?mion, l?melindi; see d?.
lond? 'land-locked haven' in Alqualond?; the Sindarin form lond (lonn) in Mithlond.
los 'snow' in Oioloss? (Quenya oio 'ever' and losse 'snow, snow-white'); Sindarin loss in Amon Uilos and Aeglos.
loth 'flower' in Lothl?rien, Nimloth; Quenya l?t? in Ninquel?t?, Vingil?t?.
luin 'blue' in Ered Luin, Helluin, Luinil, Mindolluin.
maeg 'sharp, piercing' (Quenya maika) in Maeglin.
mal- 'gold' in Malduin, Malinalda; also in mallorn, and in the Field of Cormallen, which means 'golden circle' and was named from the culumalda trees that grew there (see cul-).
man- 'good, blessed, unmarred' in Aman, Manw?; derivatives of Aman in Amandil, Araman, ?manyar.
mel- 'love' in Melian (from Melyanna 'dear gift'); this stem is seen also in the Sindarin word mellon 'friend' in the inscription on the West-gate of Moria.
men 'way' in N?men, Hyarmen, R?men, Formen.
menel 'the heavens' in Meneldil, Menelmacar, Meneltarma.
mereth 'feast' in Mereth Aderthad; also in Merethrond, the Hall of Feasts in Minas Tirith.
minas 'tower' in Ann?minas, Minas Anor, Minas Tirith, etc. The same stem. occurs in other words referring to isolated, prominent, things, e.g. Mindolluin, Mindon; probably related is Quenya minya 'first' (cf. Tar-Minyatur, the name of Elros as first King of N?menor).
m?r 'jewel' (Quenya m?r?) in Elemm?r?, Gwaith-i-M?rdain, M?riel, Nauglam?r, Tar-Atanamir.
mith 'grey' in Mithlond, Mithrandir, Mithrim; also hi Mitheithel, the river Hoarwell in Eriador.
mor 'dark' in Mordor, Morgoth, Moria, Moriquendi, Mormegil, Morwen, etc.
moth 'dusk' in Nan Elmoth.
nan(d) 'valley' in Nan Dungortheb, Nan Elmoth, Nan Tathren.
n?r 'fire' in Narsil, Narya; present also in the original forms of Aegnor (Aikan?ro 'Sharp Flame' or 'Fell Fire') and F?anor (Feanaro 'Spirit of Fire'). The Sindarin form was naur, as in Sammath Naur, the Chambers of Fire in Orodruin. Derived from the same ancient root (a)nar was the name of the Sun, Quenya Anar (also in An?rion), Sindarin Anor (cf. Minas Anor, Anorien).
naug 'dwarf' in Naugrim; see also Nogrod in entry groth. Related is another Sindarin word for 'dwarf', nogoth, plural noegyth (Noegyth Nibin 'Petty-dwarves') and nogothrim.
-(n)dil is a very frequent ending of personal names, Amandil, E?rendil (shortened E?rnil), Elendil, Mardil, etc.; it implies 'devotion', 'disinterested love' (see Mardil in entry bar).
-{n)dur in names such as E?rendur (shortened E?rnur) is similar in meaning to -(n)dil.
neldor 'beech' in Neldoreth; but it seems that this was properly the name of H?rilorn, the great beech-tree with three trunks (nelde 'three' and orn).
nen 'water', used of lakes, pools, and lesser rivers, in Nen Girith, Nenning, Nenuial, Nenya; Cuivi?nen, Uinen; also in many names in The Lord of the Rings, as Nen Hithoel, Bruinen, Emyn Arnen, N?rnen. N?n 'wet' in Loeg Ningloron; also in Nindalf.
nim 'white' (from earlier nimf, nimp) in Nimbrethil, Nimloth, Nimphelos, niphredil (niphred 'pallor'), Barad Nimras, Ered Nimrais. The Quenya form was ninque; thus Ninquel?t?=Nimloth. Cf. also Taniquetil.
orn 'tree' in Celeborn, H?rilorn; cf. Fangorn 'Treebeard' and mallorn, plural mellyrn, the trees of Lothl?rien.
orod 'mountain' in Orodruin, Thangorodrim; Orocarni, Orom?t. Plural ered in Ered Engrin, Ered Linden, etc.
os(t) 'fortress' in Angrenost, Belegost, Formenos, Fornost, Mandos, Nargothrond (from Narog-ost-rond), Os(t)giliaih, Ost-in-Edhil.
palan (Quenya) 'far and wide' in Palant?ri, Tar-Palantir.
pel- 'go round, encircle' in Pelargir, Pel?ri, and in the Pelennor, the 'fenced land' of Minas Tirith; also in Ephel Brandir, Ephel D?ath (ephel from et-pel 'outer fence').
quen- (quet-) 'say, speak' in Quendi (Calaquendi, Laiquendi, Moriquendi), Quenya, Valaquenta, Quenta Silmarillion. The Sindarin forms have p (or b) for qu; e.g. pedo 'speak' in the inscription on the West-gate of Moria, corresponding to the Quenya stem quet; and Gandalf's words before the gate, lasto beth lammen 'listen to the words of my tongue', where beth 'word' corresponds to Quenya quetta.
ram 'wall' (Quenya ramba) in Andram, Ramdal; also in Rammas Echor, the wall about the Pelennor Fields at Minas Tirith.
ran- 'wander, stray' in R?na, the Moon, and in Mithrandir, Aerandir; also in the river Gilraen in Gondor.
rant 'course' in the river-names Adurant (with adu 'double') and Celebrant ('Silverlode').
ras 'horn' in Barad Nimras, also in Caradhras ('Redhorn') and Methedras ('Last Peak') in the Misty Mountains; plural rais in Ered Nimrais.
rauko 'demon' in Valaraukar; Sindarin raug, rog in Balrog.
ril 'brilliance' in Idril, Silmaril; also in Anduril (the sword of Aragorn) and in mithril (Moria-silver). Idril's name in Quenya form was Itarill? (or Itarild?), from a stem ita- 'sparkle'.
rim 'great number, host' (Quenya rimbe) was commonly used to form collective plurals, as Golodhrim, Mithrim (see the Index), Naugrim, Thangorodrim, etc.
ring 'cold, chill' in Ringil, Ringwil, Himring; also in the river Ringl? in Gondor, and in Ringar?, Quenya name of the last month of the year (The Lord of the Rings Appendix D).
ris 'cleave' ap