A two-year study of this “concurrent care” program: C. M. Spettell et al., “A Comprehensive Case Management Program to Improve Palliative Care,” Journal of Palliative Medicine 12 (2009): 827–32. See also Krakauer et al. “Opportunities to Improve.”
Aetna ran a more modest concurrent care program: Spettel et al., “A Comprehensive Case Management Program.”
Two-thirds of the terminal cancer patients: Wright et al., “Associations Between End-of-Life Discussions.”
A landmark 2010 study from the Massachusetts General Hospital: J. S. Temel et al., “Early Palliative Care for Patients with Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer,” New England Journal of Medicine 363 (2010): 733–42; J. A. Greer et al., “Effect of Early Palliative Care on Chemotherapy Use and End-of-Life Care in Patients with Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer,” Journal of Clinical Oncology 30 (2012): 394–400.
In one, researchers followed 4,493 Medicare patients: S. R. Connor et al., “Comparing Hospice and Nonhospice Survival among Patients Who Die Within a Three-Year Window,” Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 33 (2007): 238–46.
By 1996, 85 percent of La Crosse residents: B. J. Hammes, Having Your Own Say: Getting the Right Care When It Matters Most (CHT Press, 2012).
7: HARD CONVERSATIONS
Five of the ten fastest-growing: Data analyzed from World Bank, 2013, http://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/global-economic-prospects.
By 2030, one-half to two-thirds: Ernst & Young, “Hitting the Sweet Spot: The Growth of the Middle Class in Emerging Markets,” 2013.
Surveys in some African cities: J. M. Lazenby and J. Olshevski, “Place of Death among Botswana’s Oldest Old,” Omega 65 (2012): 173–87.
leading families to empty bank accounts: K. Hanson and P. Berman, “Private Health Care Provision in Developing Countries: A Preliminary Analysis of Levels and Composition,” Data for Decision Making Project (Harvard School of Public Health, 2013), http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/ihsg/topic.html.
Yet at the same time, hospice programs are appearing everywhere: H. Ddungu, “Palliative Care: What Approaches Are Suitable in the Developing World?,” British Journal of Haemotology 154 (2011): 728–35. See also D. Clark et al., “Hospice and Palliative Care Development in Africa,” Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 33 (2007): 698–710; R. H. Blank, “End of Life Decision-Making Across Cultures,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics (Summer 2011): 201–14.
Scholars have posited: D. Gu, G. Liu, D. A. Vlosky, and Z. Yi, “Factors Associated with Place of Death Among the Oldest Old,” Journal of Applied Gerontology 26 (2007): 34–57.
Use of hospice care has been growing: National Center for Health Statistics, “Health, United States, 2010: With Special Feature on Death and Dying,” 2011. See also National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization, “NHPCO Facts and Figures: Hospice Care in America, 2012 Edition,” 2012.
Patients tend to be optimists: J. C. Weeks et al., “Patients’ Expectations about Effects of Chemotherapy for Advanced Cancer,” New England Journal of Medicine 367 (2012): 1616–25.
a short paper by two medical ethicists: E. J. Emanuel and L. L. Emanuel, “Four Models of the Physician-Patient Relationship,” Journal of the American Medical Association 267 (1992): 2221–26.
most ovarian cancer patients at her stage: “Ovarian Cancer,” online American Cancer Society guide, 2014, http://www.cancer.org/cancer/ovariancancer/detailedguide.
Bob Arnold, a palliative care physician I’d met: See A. Back, R. Arnold, and J. Tulsky, Mastering Communication with Seriously Ill Patients (Cambridge University Press, 2009).
One-third of the county lived in poverty: Office of Research, Ohio Development Services Agency, The Ohio Poverty Report, February 2014 (ODSA, 2014), http://www.development.ohio.gov/files/research/P7005.pdf.
they formed Athens Village on the same model: More information at http://www.theathensvillage.org. They could use your donations, by the way.
8: COURAGE
Plato wrote a dialogue: Laches, trans. Benjamin Jowett, 1892, available online through Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.01.0176%3atext%3dLach.
The brain gives us two ways to evaluate experiences: D. Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow (Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2011). See also D. A. Redelmeier and D. Kahneman, “Patients’ Memories of Painful Treatments: Real-Time and Retrospective Evaluations of Two Minimally Invasive Procedures,” Pain 66 (1996): 3–8.
“An inconsistency is built into the design of our minds”: Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow, p. 385.