Chapter 21: Belief
1 Sylvia crying: Sylvia Flammer, telephone interviews, October 25, 27, 2004.
2 Zamperinis coping: Ibid.; Peter Zamperini, telephone interviews, October 15, 17, 19, 22, 2004; Peter Zamperini, letter to Louis Zamperini, June 3, 1943.
3 Louise writes to General Hale: Louise Zamperini, diary notes, July 13, 1943; Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.
4 Louie’s trunk arrives: Louise Zamperini, diary notes, October 6, 1943.
5 Gifts for Louie: Louis Zamperini, letter to Edwin Wilber, May 1946.
6 Christmas card for Louie: From papers of Louis Zamperini.
7 “The entire island”: Eastern Mandates (Washington, D.C.: Center for Military History Publications, 1993), p. 14.
8 Wood slat: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.
9 Papers on Kwajalein: John Joseph Deasy, telephone interview, April 4, 2005.
10 “I was happy”: Ibid.
11 Condolence letter: Henry Rahaley, letter to Reverend and Mrs. Phillips, June 16, 1943.
12 Oak-leaf clusters: Reverend Russell Phillips, letter to Cecy Perry, July 28, 1943.
13 Reverend Phillips’s plaque: Reverend Russell Phillips, letter to Martha Heustis, March 17, 1944.
14 “I think I have”: Reverend Russell Phillips, letter to Martha Heustis, August 4, 1943.
15 Smitty’s letter to Cecy: George Smith, letter to Cecy Perry, June 19, 1943.
16 Cecy moves to D.C., visits fortune-teller: Terry Hoffman, telephone interview, March 6, 2007.
17 “This year sure”: Delia Robinson, letter to Louise Zamperini, June 23, 1944.
18 “We thought surely”: Mrs. A. J. Deane, letter to Louise Zamperini, June 27, 1944.
19 Death notice: Sylvia Flammer, telephone interviews, October 25, 27, 2004.
20 “None of us”: Ibid.
21 Plan to find Louie: Peter Zamperini, telephone interview, October 19, 2004.
Chapter 22: Plots Afoot
1 Escape plot: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.
2 Rations cut: John A. Fitzgerald, POW diary, Papers of John A. Fitzgerald, Operational Archives Branch, NHC, Washington, D.C.
3 Louie stealing food, starching shirts: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.
4 Barbering job: Ibid.
5 Official says POWs will be killed: John A. Fitzgerald, POW diary, Papers of John A. Fitzgerald, Operational Archives Branch, NHC, Washington, D.C.
6 Stealing map from Mummy: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.
7 Getting info about Saipan: Ibid.
8 Sasaki’s sudden change: Ibid.
9 Murder on Tinian: Eric Lash, “Historic Island of Tinian,” Environmental Services, October 2008, vol. 1, 2nd edition; Major General Donald Cook, “20th Air Force Today,” 20th Air Force Association Newsletter, Fall 1998.
10 Infestation, leeches, “You should be happy”: John Fitzgerald, POW diary, Papers of John A. Fitzgerald, Operational Archives Branch, NHC, Washington, D.C.; Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.
11 Fitzgerald sees stealing: John Fitzgerald, POW diary, Papers of John A. Fitzgerald, Operational Archives Branch, NHC, Washington, D.C.
12 Putrid fish, Quack beating: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Louis Zamperini, 1946 notes on captive experience; Louis Zamperini, interview by George Hodak, Hollywood, Calif., June 1988, AAFLA.
13 Murder of Gaga: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.
14 Louie thinking of home: Ibid.
15 Plan to escape by boat: Ibid.
16 Doolittle raid: Kennedy Hickman, “World War II: The Doolittle Raid,” About.com, http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/aerialcampaigns/p/doolittleraid.htm (accessed October 15, 2009).
17 Kindness of civilians: Boyington, pp. 304–05.
18 Murder of Chinese civilians: Chang, p. 216; Kennedy Hickman, “World War II: The Doolittle Raid,” About.com, http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/aerialcampaigns/p/doolittleraid.htm (accessed October 15, 2009).
19 Average Japanese soldier five foot three: “Battle of the Pacific: How Japs Fight,” Time, February 15, 1943; Tar Shioya, “The Conflict Behind the Battle Lines,” San Francisco Chronicle, September 24, 1995.
20 Civilians attack POWs: Milton McMullen, telephone interview, February 16, 2005; K. P. Burke, Proof Through the Night: A B-29 Pilot Captive in Japan—the Earnest Pickett Story (Salem, Ore.: Opal Creek, 2001), p. 88; Fiske Hanley II, Accused American War Criminal (Austin: Eakin, 1997), pp. 68–69.
21 Preparations for escape, “a fearful joy”: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.
22 Suspension of plan: Ibid.
23 Newspaper theft, Harris beating: Ibid.; files on Sueharu Kitamura, RG 331, RAOOH, WWII, 1907–1966, SCAP, Legal Section, Administration Division (10/02/1945–04/28/1952?), NACP; Glenn McConnell, telephone interview, June 8, 2007; John A. Fitzgerald, POW diary, Papers of John A. Fitzgerald, Operational Archives Branch, NHC, Washington, D.C.; Gamble, p. 328.
24 Sasaki’s advice: Affidavit, Louis Zamperini, in file of Nakakichi Asoma, 1945–1952, RG 331: RAOOH, WWII, SCAP, Legal Section, Administration Division (10/02/1945–04/28/1952?), Charges and Specifications, 1945–1948, NACP.