99 Martin Enserink, “GM Mosquito Trial Strains Ties in Gates-Funded Project,” Science (Nov. 16, 2010), sciencemag.org/news/2010/11/gm-mosquito-trial-strains-ties-gates-funded-project
100 Sarah Boseley, “Mosquitos to be infected with bacteria in fight against Zika virus,” The Guardian (Oct 26, 2016), theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/26/mosquitos-infected-wolbachia-bacteria-zika-virus
101 Emily Waltz, “GM mosquitoes fire first salvo against Zika virus,” Nature Biotechnology 34 (2016): 221–222 (2016), https://www.nature.com/articles/nbt0316-221.
102 “Production of a Transgenic Mosquito, as a Flying Syringe, to Deliver Protective Vaccine via Saliva,” Global Grand Challenges, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Funding date: October 1, 2008, gcgh. grandchallenges.org/grant/production-transgenic-mosquito-flying-syringe-deliver-protective-vaccine-saliva
103 Martin Enserink, “GM Mosquito Trial Strains Ties in Gates-Funded Project,” Science (Nov. 16, 2010), sciencemag.org/news/2010/11/gm-mosquito-trial-strains-ties-gates-funded-project
104 Humans Are Free, “Bill Gates Wants to Release Genetically Modified Mosquitoes to Inject You with Vaccines,” Humans Are Free (Feb. 26 2021), humansarefree.com/2021/02/bill-gates-wants-to-release-genetically-modified-mosquitoes-to-inject-you-with-vaccines.html
105 Michaeleen Doucleff, “Why Didn’t Zika Cause A Surge In Microcephaly In 2016?” NPR (Mar. 30, 2017), npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2017/03/30/521925733/why-didnt-zika-cause-a-surge-inmicrocephaly-in-2016
106 2016 Case Counts in the US, Centers for Disease Control (Apr. 24, 2019), cdc.gov/zika/reporting/2016-case-counts.html.
107 2017 Case Counts in the US, Centers for Disease Control (Apr. 24, 2019), cdc.gov/zika/reporting/2017-case-counts.html.
108 “NIAID’s Fauci urges continued global vigilance on Zika, other diseases,” NIH Fogarty International Center (Mar. 22, 2016), fic.nih.gov/News/Pages/2016-niaid-fauci-zika-virus-talk.aspx.
109 Gregory A Poland et al., “Zika Vaccine Development: Current Status,” Mayo Clinic Proceedings, vol. 9, iss. 12 (Dec. 1, 2019): P2572–2586, mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(19)30483-5/fulltext
110 “White House Coronavirus Task Force Members Testify on Federal Response to Pandemic,” C-SPAN 3:36:32 (June 23, 2020), c-span.org/video/?473229-1/white-house-coronavirus-task-force-members-testify-federal-response-pandemic
111 Scott Halstead, “Gates Foundation Commits $55 Million to Accelerate Dengue Vaccine Research,” Gates Foundation (Sept. 2003), gatesfoundation.org/ideas/media-center/pressreleases/2003/09/dengue-vaccine-research
112 Len Lavenda, “Sanofi Pasteur and the Pediatric Dengue Vaccine Initiative Partner against Dengue Fever,” SANOFI (Sept. 29, 2006), news.sanofi.us/pressreleases?item=137021
113 “NIAID Experts See Dengue as Potential Threat to U.S. Public Health,” National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (Jan. 8, 2008), nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/niaid-experts-see-dengue-potential-threat-us-public-health
114 Robert Roos, “NIAID launches clinical trial of Dengue vaccine,” CIDRAP (Aug. 9, 2010), cidrap. umn.edu/news-perspective/2010/08/niaid-launches-clinical-trial-dengue-vaccine
115 Monica A. McArthur et al., “Dengue vaccines: recent developments, ongoing challenges and current candidates.” Expert Review of Vaccines, vol. 12, iss. 8 (2013): 933–953, doi:10.1586/14760584.2013. 815412 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3773977/
116 UNC, Baric grant from BMGF: Ralph S. Baric Curriculum Vitae, sph.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/112/2016/09/CV_Ralph_Baric.pdf
117 Lynne Peeples, “Avoiding pitfalls in the pursuit of a COVID-19 vaccine,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences vol. 117, iss. 15 (Apr. 2020): 8218–8221, doi: 10.1073/pnas.2005456117, pnas.org/content/117/15/8218.
118 Chien-Te Tseng et al., “Immunization with SARS Coronavirus Vaccines Leads to Pulmonary Immunopathology on Challenge with the SARS Virus” (Apr. 20, 2012), ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3335060/
119 NIH, “Dengue vaccine enters phase 3 trial in Brazil” (Jan. 14, 2016), nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/dengue-vaccine-enters-phase-3-trial-brazil
120 Alex M. Nading, “Chimeric globalism: Global health in the shadow of the dengue vaccine,” American Ethnologist (Apr. 9, 2015), anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/amet.12135
121 Sabine Institute Press Release, “Statement by the Dengue Vaccine Initiative on the Philippines Regulatory Approval of Sanofi Pasteur’s Dengue Vaccine, Dengvaxia?,”(Dec. 23, 2015), sabin.org/updates/pressreleases/statement-dengue-vaccine-initiative-philippines-regulatory-approval-sanofi
122 Michaeleen Doucleff, “Rush To Produce, Sell Vaccine Put Kids in Philippines at Risk” (May 3, 2019), npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2019/05/03/719037789/botched-vaccine-launch-has-deadly-repercussions
123 Sri Rezeki Hadinegoro et al., “Efficacy and Long-Term Safety of a Dengue Vaccine in Regions of Endemic Disease,” New England Journal of Medicine (Sep. 24, 2015), nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1506223
124 Scott B. Halstead, “Dengvaxia concern flagged nearly 2 years before Philippines pulls dengue vaccine,” Infectious Disease News (Dec. 5, 2017), healio.com/news/infectious-disease/20171205/dengvaxia-concern-flagged-nearly-2-years-before-philippines-pulls-dengue-vaccine
125 Scott B. Halstead, “Scott Halstead on Dengvaxia,” YouTube Video (Dec. 16, 2017), youtube.com/watch?v=835rZQ7v8yw
126 Scott B. Halstead, “Critique of World Health Organization Recommendation of a Dengue Vaccine,” Journal of Infectious Diseases (Dec. 15, 2016), watermark.silverchair.com/jiw340.pdf
127 Betsy McKay et al., “Safety Fears Threaten Global Dengue Vaccine Effort,” Wall Street Journal (Jan. 8, 2019), wsj.com/articles/safety-fears-threaten-global-dengue-vaccine-effort-1515330002
128 Doucleff
129 Ibid.
130 “Safety Fears Threaten Global Dengue Vaccine Effort, Wall Street Journal (Jan. 8, 2018), wsj.com/articles/safety-fears-threaten-global-dengue-vaccine-effort-1515330002
131 “Merck and Instituto Butantan Announce Collaboration Agreement to Develop Vaccines to Protect Against Dengue Infections,” businesswire.com/news/home/20181212005533/en/Merck-andInstituto-Butantan-Announce-Collaboration-Agreement-to-Develop-Vaccines-to-Protect-Against-Dengue-Infections
132 Doucleff
133 Padron-Regalado et al., “Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: Lessons from Other Coronavirus Strains” INFECT DIS THER (April 23, 2020), doi: 10.1007/s40121-020-00300-x
134 Tseng et al., “Immunization with SARS coronavirus vaccines leads to pulmonary immunopathology on challenge with the SARS virus,” PLOS ONE (April 20, 2012), doi: 10.1371/journal. pone.0035421
135 Deming et al., “Vaccine efficacy in senescent mice challenged with recombinant SARS-CoV bearing epidemic and zoonotic spike variants,” PLOS MED (Dec. 26, 2006), doi: 10.1371/journal. pmed.0030525